Water Sector Resilience Strategies Infrastructure Sector Resilience Strategies

5. Strategy and Priority for Actions

5.1. Goals and Strategies for Climate Change Resilience

Based on the understanding on urban vulnerability assessment to climate change and climate change scenarios as described in the previous section, there are five sectors that need to be focused in the formulation of resilience strategy in Semarang City. These five sector are clean water, infrastructure, marine and fisheries, environment, and human resources and institutional development. The purpose of resilience strategy in each sector as follows:

5.1.1. Water Sector Resilience Strategies

Resilience strategy on water is intended as an effort to ensure the availability of drinking water for community in Semarang City under extreme climate conditions, both when flooding and prolonged drought. Target of this strategy is prioritized for the community groups which are not covered by PDAM tap service and those living far away from water sources. Several alternative actions to create the city resilience of this water source are: • Rainwater harvesting. Rainwater harvesting is targeted to support the deficit of water supply with application a particular technology which fits to local condition ‒ whether as hilly upstream regions, dense city center, or coastal. There are some technical options to rain harvesting such as through construction of ponds, water tanks on the roof building, dam, artificial well and biophore. • Water saving. The goal of this intervention is reduction the utilization of clean water both individually and collectively. Developing awareness, technology applications, and promoting incentive and disincentive regulation are some actions to translate this strategy. • Purification of public wells contaminated water source. The goal of purification is a guarantee that both private and public well owned by community is still feasible to consume. The purification can be done with conventional methods or advanced technology depends on the contamination level. 50 • Seawater desalination. Desalination will significantly improve resilience on clean water, especially in emergency situation. Provision of mobile water treatment is one of possible intervention.

5.1.2. Infrastructure Sector Resilience Strategies

Infrastructure resilience strategy is intended as an effort to reduce the negative impact from flooding when the intensity of rainfall extremely increase. Target of this strategy is prioritized on communities living around the flood plains and the survivability economic centers and the nodes movement to perform their functions. Several alternative actions to foster resilience from infrastructure point of view are: • Construction of sea wall. Basically sea wall is one of required infrastructure to protect infiltration of seawater into coastal land. The sea wall can be developed on the land and on the shallow water areas. Besides to perform its basic function, the sea wall will increase accessibility if the top part of the dike is designed as transportation road. • Construction of the channel belt. The channel belt is a citywide infrastructure to split or distribute rainwater flowing in major rivers from the south to the north of Semarang City. The channel belt lying from the west to the east of Semarang City will slowing down the water velocity and reduce risk of flooding in center business districts. • Neighborhood drainage network development. Neighborhood drainage is one of infrastructure • component to improve resilience especially on settlements which are prone to landslide with 15 and more gradient. Inappropriate neighborhood drainage often causes landslide and erosion. The urgency of neighborhood drainage as a tertiary system is less considered in city drainage masterplan and got less priority of funding. In fact, this tertiary system will have influence on the bigger drainage system. • Construction of flood shelter. This intervention is important to increase resilience when extreme rainfall or the failure of drainage system occurs. The construction of flooding shelter is allocated to settlement centers with time and distance consideration. The shelter can be a new building or it just integrated its function with others available building. 51

5.1.3. Environment Sector Resilience Strategies