Present socio-economic value The importance of farm animal genetic diversity and objectives for conservation
8. Stakeholders for in vivo and in vitro conservation programs
At the global level many stakeholders are involved in the conservation of farm animal genetic resource: national governments, institutes for research and education including universities, non governmental organisations, breeders’ associations, farmers and pastoralists, part time farmers and hobbyists, and breeding companies. he following section provides a brief overview of the role of the various stakeholders.8.1. National governments
National governments provide the legal base for utilisation and conservation programmes. his is done under legislation relating to the protection of biodiversity or under legislation regulating the management of farm animal genetic resources, of livestock production and of animal breeding. he national governments should be heavily involved in the development of national strategies for management, utilisation and conservation of farm animal genetic resources and they should provide funding for implementing national strategies chapter 9. •Parts
» utilisation and conservation of farm animal genetic resources
» Challenges for food production in livestock systems
» Changes in livestock systems
» Cattle Consequences for the use of species and breeds
» Introduction utilisation and conservation of farm animal genetic resources
» Opportunities to meet future market demands
» Insurance against future changes in production circumstances
» Insurance against the loss of resources with a high strategic value
» Cultural and historic reasons
» History of initiatives to stop genetic erosion at global and regional levels
» Threats Opportunities and threats for farm animal genetic resources
» Conservation methods to be applied
» National governments Stakeholders for in vivo and in vitro conservation programs
» Objectives in conservation and utilisation of farm animal genetic resources
» Techniques Strategies for moving from conservation to utilisation
» Options for utilisation of self-sustaining local breeds
» Strategies for moving from conservation to utilisation
» Cryoconservation Strategies for moving from conservation to utilisation
» Costs Strategies for moving from conservation to utilisation
» Making the decision Strategies for moving from conservation to utilisation
» Introduction What is genetic diversity?
» Sub-populations and evolutionary forces
» The use of pedigree for measuring diversity
» The impact of DNA information
» Genome-wide patterns of diversity
» Measuring changes in diversity
» Relating diversity measures to F and ΔF
» Conclusion What is genetic diversity?
» Genomics reveals domestication history and facilitates breed development
» Marker and sequence information
» Detection of selection How have the events in breed history modified the genetic variation?
» Prediction of heterosis using genetic distances
» Conclusions Genomics reveals domestication history and facilitates breed development
» Why measure genetic diversity?
» Genetic distances Genetic distances, F-statistics and kinships
» Measuring genetic diversity in farm animals
» Weitzman diversity Weitzman and Core set diversities
» Genetic distances, kinships and conservation decisions
» Concluding remarks Measuring genetic diversity in farm animals
» Introduction Selection of breeds for conservation
» What are the objectives of a conservation effort?
» Is the risk-strategy efficient for the selection of breeds?
» Is the maximum-diversity-strategy efficient for the selection of breeds?
» Selection of breeds for conservation
» Is the maximum-utility-strategy efficient for the selection of breeds?
» What are the practical aspects?
» Inbreeding and inbreeding rate
» Genetic contributions Genetic contributions and inbreeding
» Optimum designs Minimising ΔF in conservation schemes
» Genetic contributions and inbreeding
» Optimum contributions: The problem
» Predicting ΔF Genetic contributions and inbreeding
» Guidelines for best practice
» The effective population size
» Operation of conservation schemes
» Cryo-conservation schemes Operation of conservation schemes
» General aspects Integrating live and cryoconservation
» Cryo-back-up live conservation schemes
» Existing global regulations Practical implications of utilisation and management
» Practical implications of utilisation and management
» An example of a national action plan for utilisation and management
» Economic considerations Practical implications of utilisation and management
» Utilisation and conservation of genetic diversity
» Monitoring role for the national managers
» Sustainable breeding schemes Practical implications of utilisation and management
» Future policies for animal genetic resources
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