DAYA ANTIJAMUR REBUSAN DAUN SIRIH MERAH (Penelitian Eksperimental Laboratoris)

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DAYA ANTIJAMUR REBUSAN DAUN SIRIH MERAH (Piper croatum) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Candida albicansSECARA IN VITRO

(Penelitian Eksperimental Laboratoris)

SKRIPSI

Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Kedokteran Gigi (S1) pada Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Jember

Oleh :

Ari Oktavianto 061610101048

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN GIGI UNIVERSITAS JEMBER

2011

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Karya ini sebagai ungkapan terimakasih kepada:

Ayah dan Mama yang selalu ada disaat aku susah maupun senang terimakasih untuk bimbingan dan doanya selama ini serta rasa sayangnya yang tiada batas, Masku (Aditya Hermawan) dan Mbakku (Anita Septiani) yang selalu menjadi penyemangat dalam setiap langkah dalam hidupku. Kekasihku Ajeng Prameswari yang menemaniku dalam susah dan senang

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iii

(Q.S. Alam Nasyroh: 6)

Hati menjadi tenteram dengan mengingat Allah. Ingatlah hanya dengan mengingat Allah hati menjadi tenteram..

(Q.S. Ar Rad 13: 28)

Ilmu itu bagaikan cahaaya. Cahaya Allah tidak akan menyinari orang yang bermaksiat.

(Syaikh Waki guru Imam Syafi i)

Wie es ach sei, das lebenes ist gut . Biar bagaimanapun hidup ini indah

(Goethe, Jerman)

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Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini:

Nama : Ari Oktavianto

NIM : 061610101048

menyatakan dengan sesungguhnya bahwa karya ilmiah yang berjudul Daya Antijamur Rebusan Daun Sirih Merah (Piper croatum) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans Secara In vitro adalah benar benar hasil karya sendiri, kecuali kutipan yang sudah saya sebutkan sumbernya, belum pernah diajukan pada institusi manapun, dan bukan hasil karya jiplakan. Saya bertanggung jawab atas keabsahan dan kebenaran isinya sesuai dengan sikap ilmiah yang harus dijunjung tinggi.

Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya, tanpa adanya tekanan dan paksaan dari pihak manapun serta bersedian mendapat sanksi akademik jika ternyata dikemudian hari pernyataan ini tidak benar.

Jember, 28 Oktober 2011 Yang menyatakan,

Ari Oktavianto NIM. 061610101048

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Mengesahkan,

Dekan Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Jember

drg. Hj. Herniyati, M. Kes. NIP 195909061985032001

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vii RINGKASAN

Daya Antijamur Rebusan Daun Sirih Merah (Piper Croatum) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans _{Secara In vitro;} _{Ari Oktavianto, 061610101048;}

2011; 37 halaman; Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Jember.

Candidiasismerupakan infeksi yang banyak terjadi di rongga mulut yang dapat dipicu oleh berbagai faktor seperti penurunan sistem kekebalan tubuh maupun kemoterapi (Magdalena, 2009). Salah satu cara untuk menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans dapat dengan berkumur larutan antiseptik. Larutan antiseptik bisa berasal dari bahan obat sintetik atau bahan alam misal dari tanaman obat. Salah satu tanaman obat yang akhir-akhir ini cukup banyak diteliti adalah daun sirih merah (Piper Croatum).

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Jember. Sampel terbagi menjadi 6 kelompok yaitu rebusan daun sirih merah konsentrasi 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, aquadest steril kontrol negatif, Nistatin kontrol positif. Jadi masing-masing petridisk terdapat 6 kelompok perlakuan. Bahan yang diuji diteteskan sebanyak 0,5 L ke cakram yang dibuat dari kertas saring. Cakram tersebut kemudian diletakkan ke dalam kultur Candida albicans di dalam Petridis. Kemudian dimasukkan kedalam inkubator pada suhu 37oC selama 24 jam. Setelah 24 jam dilakukan pengukuran diameter zona hambat dengan jangka sorong.

Data hasil penelitian dilakukan uji normalitas (Kolmogorov Smirnov) dan homogenitas (Levene) terlebih dahulu. Hasil yang didapatkan data normal namun tidak homogen, dengan demikian tidak memenuhi syarat dilakukan uji parametrik. Digunakan uji statistik non parametrik Kruskall Wallis dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Mann Whitney. Hasil analisis data Kruskall Wallis menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok (p<0,05). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa rebusan daun sirih

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viii tersebut mempunyai daya antijamur. Data dari analisisMann Whitneydidapat bahwa rebusan daun sirih merah dengan konsentrasi 100% mempunyai daya antijamur lebih besar dibandingkan dengan obat antijamur yang Nistatin.

Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa rebusan daun sirih merah (Piper croatum) mempunyai daya antijamur terhadap Candida albicans. Besar daya antijamur daun sirih merah (Piper croatum) dengan konsentrasi 100% lebih baik dibandingkan dengan obat kumur yang mengandung Nistatin. Dalam penelitian ini konsentrasi terkecil rebusan daun sirih merah (Piper croatum) yang mempunyai daya antijamur adalah konsentrasi 25 %.

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x i DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL

HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN

HALAMAN MOTTO

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN v

HALAMAN PEMBIMBINGAN v

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

RINGKASAN

PRAKATA. x

DAFTAR ISI x

DAFTAR TABEL xv

DAFTAR GAMBAR xv

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN x

BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang

1.2. Rumusan Masalah

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian

BAB 2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1Oral Candidiasis

2.2Candida albicans

abica

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x iv DAFTAR TABEL

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pqstuvl x tsil uji xogenitts rtttyrttt ditmeter zont htmu tt terhtdtp

pertumu{| tnCandida albicansdengtn mengguntktn evene svstqqqqqqqqqqq r

pq pstuvl x tsil uji usktl tww ttt ytttt vtv zt| tu tt tv|tt

vt{ u{| t Candida albicansqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq

pqstuv wx tw{ ty|tvyttt yttttvtv zt| tu tt tv| tt vt{ u{| t Candida albicansqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq

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x v DAFTAR GAMBAR

Candida albicans ¡ r¢£ ¤¤¡ ¥ ut ( Oral trush¦ §

¨m©rCandida albicansdengn pemeriksn mikroskop elektron ª

«¨m©r mikroskopisCandida albicanspd pewrnn grm

¬¨m©r ®¯ (Transmition electron microscope¦ driCandida albicans

°¨m©r dinding selCandida albicans...

±¨m©r sirih merh ²Piper croatum¦ ³

«¨m©r ´ rµengukurn ¶¢£· ¡©t ¸ ¹º »µ ¸¹t¥¡ © ¥º£ Candida

albicans ³

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x vi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

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Îerhitung Æn

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Æh ÇÆmpel

Îeneliti

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http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id

(1)

x i DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL

HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN

HALAMAN MOTTO

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN v

HALAMAN PEMBIMBINGAN v

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

RINGKASAN

PRAKATA. x

DAFTAR ISI x

DAFTAR TABEL xv

DAFTAR GAMBAR xv

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN x

BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang

1.2. Rumusan Masalah

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian

BAB 2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1Oral Candidiasis

2.2Candida albicans

abica

!"tt a #da abica

http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id

(2)

x ii

$%$%&' ()*+,i+k+n-a./0da a1bica.2333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 4& $%$%56+togenit+s-a./0da a1bica.2 33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333%% 4&

2.3 Sirih Merah (78 9:;<; =>?u@ )%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 45

$%A%4'orfologi d+n B+CsDED F *G **Hr '(r+H( PiIJK cKLMNOPQ%%%%%

R $%A%$S+T*t+t S*U*H' (U+ H( PiIJ K cK LMNO PQ%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 4V $%A%AB *EW+X+EYFXFZ+y+[E\*W+ FXU S*U*H ' (U+H %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 4] $%A%&' +E ^++t S*U*H'(U+ H(PiIJ K cK LMNO PQ%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 4_

2.4 Nistatin%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 4`

2.5 Uji Kepekaan Kuman%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% $a

2.6 Hipotesis%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% $a

BAB 3. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% $4

3.1 Jenis Penelitian%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% $4

3.2 Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% $4

3.3 Variabel Penelitian%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% $4

A%A%4b+U*+T(c,(T+d%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% $4

A%A%$b+U*+T(cB (U* C+t%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% $4 A%A%Ab+U*+T(cB (UC(E )+c*%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% $$

3.4 Definisi Operasional Variabel%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% $$

3.5 Sampel%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% $$

A%5%4eU*t(U*+S+ Ff(c% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% $$ A%5%4,(d+U S+ Ff(c6(E(c*t*+E %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% $A

3.6 Alat dan Bahan%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% $A

A%V%4[ c+t 6(E(c*t*+E %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% $A A%V%$,+H +E6(E(c*t*+E %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% $&

3.7 Prosedur Peneltian%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% $&

http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id

(3)

x iii 3.8 Alur Penelitiangggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg hi

3.9 Analisis Dataggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg hi

BAB 4. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASANggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg hj

4.1 Hasil Penelitianggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg

4.2 Pembahasanggggggggggggg ggggggg ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg kk

BAB 5. KESIMPULAN DAN SARANgggggggggggggggg ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg kl

5.1 Kesimpulangggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg gg kl

5.2 Sarangggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg kl

DAFTAR BACAANgggggg gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg km

DAFTAR LAMPIRANg ggggggggggggggggg gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg no

http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id

(4)

x iv

DAFTAR TABEL

pqrstuvwx tsil perhitungtn rtttyrttt ditmeter zont htmu tt terhtdtp pertumu{| tn }a~da abica

~qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq qqqqqqqqqqqqqq

pqstuvl x tsil uji normtlitts rtttyrttt ditmeter zont htmutt terhtdtp pertumu{|tn }a~ da abica~dengtn uji -Smirnovqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq r

pqstuvl x tsil uji xogenitts rtttyrttt ditmeter zont htmu tt terhtdtp

pertumu{| tnCandida albicansdengtn mengguntktn evene svstqqqqqqqqqqq r

pq pstuvl x tsil uji usktl tww ttt ytttt vtv zt| tu tt tv|tt

vt{ u{| t Candida albicansqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq

pqstuv wx tw{ ty|tvyttt yttttvtv zt| tu tt tv| tt vt{ u{| t Candida albicansqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq

http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id

(5)

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Candida albicans ¡ r¢£ ¤¤¡ ¥ ut ( Oral trush¦ §

albicans « ª

http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id

(6)

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Îerhitung Æn

Ïuml

Æh ÇÆmpel

Îeneliti

http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id http://digilib.unej.ac.id

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