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‫ﺒﺴﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻴﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺩ ﷲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺨﻠﻕ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺠﻌل ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻝﻪ ﻭﺃﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﺒﺈﺤﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺤﻭل ﻭﻻ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺒﺎﷲ ﻓﺘﻤﺕ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺘﺤﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ "ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻐﺯﺍﻝﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻫﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ" ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺸﺭﻁﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ)‪ (S.S.I.‬ﻤﻥ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻫﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺠﺎﻜﺭﺘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻗﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .١‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺩﻴﻥ ﻨﺎﺘﺎ ﻋﻤﻴﺩ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻫﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺠﺎﻜﺭﺘﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺼﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺸﺭ ﺒﻴﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺘﻔﻀل ﺒﺎﻹﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﻭﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺘﺫﺓ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﺒﺫﻝﻭﺍ ﺠﻬﻭﺩﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻬﺫﻴﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺃﺤﺴﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻬﺫﻴﺏ ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‪.‬‬
‫أ‬

‫‪ .٤‬ﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺘﺭﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺒﻭﺒﻴﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺨﻭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺒﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻨﺸﻴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺩﻓﻌﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦‬ﺍﻷﺼﺩﻗﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﺍﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺄل ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺜﻴﺒﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﻡ ﻭﻴﻐﻔﺭﻝﻬﻡ ﺫﻨﻭﺒﻬﻡ ﻭﻴﻜﺘﺏ‬
‫ﻝﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﻭﻴﺠﺯﻴﻬﻡ ﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﻭﻴﻌﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﻡ‪ .‬ﺁﻤﻴﻥ ﻴﺎﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻤﺩ ﷲ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺠﺎﻜﺭﺘﺎ‪ ١٦ ،‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ ‪٢٠١١‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬
‫)ﺃﻓﻀل ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺴﻭﺭﻯ(‬

‫ب‬

‫
ت ا‬

‫ا

 وا
‪......................................................................‬أ‬
‫ت ا
‪ ...................................................................‬ت‬

‫اب اول‬
‫‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‪١ .........................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‪٥ ......................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‪٥ .........................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‪٦ ........................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‪٦ .........................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٦‬ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‪٧ .........................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٧‬ﺨﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‪.........................................................‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻤﻭﺠﺯﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻐﺯﺍﻝﻲ‬

‫‪ .١‬ﻤﻭﻝﺩﻩ ‪٩ ...............................................................‬‬
‫ج‬

‫‪ .٢‬ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪...............................................................‬‬

‫‪١٠‬‬

‫‪ .٣‬ﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺘﻪ‪......................................................................‬‬

‫‪١١‬‬

‫‪ .٤‬ﻭﻓﺎﺘﻪ‪........................................................................‬‬

‫‪١٢‬‬

‫اب ا‬
‫ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﻴﺅﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻓﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻫﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻬﺞ ‪....................................................‬‬

‫‪١٣‬‬

‫‪ .٢‬ﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﻻل‪......................................‬‬

‫‪١٦‬‬

‫‪ .٣‬ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ‪.....................................................‬‬

‫‪٢٢‬‬

‫‪ .٤‬ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻫﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ‪.................................‬‬

‫‪٢٣‬‬

‫‪ .٥‬ﺃﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻫﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ‪................‬‬

‫‪٣٣‬‬

‫اب ا‬
‫ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻐﺯﺍﻝﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻫﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﻐﺯﺍﻝﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻫﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ‪٣٧ .......‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﻐﺯﺍﻝﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻫﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ‪٤٩ ...........‬‬

‫د‬

‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ‬
‫‪  .١‬ا
‪٥٨ ...............................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ا!ا ت‪٦٠ ................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ا
&‪%‬در وا
&ا('‪٦١ .......................................................‬‬

‫‬

‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﺒﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﺕ ﺃﺼﻭﻻ ﻭﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺅﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻨﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﺯﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴﺩﺓ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻀﻰ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﻀﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻬﻤﺘﻬﻡ ﻫﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ)ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴﺩﺓ( ﺒﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺼﻭﻝﻪ ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﺘﺎﺯﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﻡ ﻭﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩﺍ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻬﻤﺘﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻘل ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻘل‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻔﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻝﺔ ﻴﻜﺸﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻘل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻭﺍﻫﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺩﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﻋﺠﺎﺌﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺇﻓﺤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪١‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬

‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻴﻨﻅﺭﻭﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﻁﺭﻕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎل‪ :‬ﺃﺭﺍﺀﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻬﻡ ﻗﻭﻝﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ }‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﺪ‬
‫ﻕ ﹶﺃ‪‬ﻳﺪِﻳ ِﻬ ‪‬ﻢ{‪ ،١‬ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ "ﻴﺩ" ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺓ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﹶﻓ ‪‬ﻮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻴﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﺸﺎﺒﻬﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻅﻬﺭ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺠﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻫﻡ ﻭﺇﻴﻤﺎﻨﻬﻡ ﺒﺎﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻨﻰ ﷲ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺼﻔﺎﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﻔﻅ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺯﻭل‬
‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻑ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬‬
‫أن  
د إ ا ‪ .‬وى أن اه   اد‪،‬‬
‫م ا‪%‬د‪ #‬ا‪!"  #$‬ف‪  .‬ذ) ى أ( ' ‪+ ,-‬‬
‫‪  .
/‬إ ا  ور‪ ،5
6‬و' ‪
234‬ن ‪ 1‬ا‪#/0‬‬
‫وا‪ ،:;/‬و' ‪9/‬ون و' ‪8‬و
ن‪.‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬

‫‪ ١‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻜﻬﻑ ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‪.١٠ :‬‬
‫‪ ٢‬ﻋﺯ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻁﻼﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪) ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٣٥ .‬‬

‫‪٣‬‬

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