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of 45 Norwegians and Germans received death sentences, 37 of the executions were carried out.
In Propaganda, The Art Of Persuasion, Anthony Rhodes says that the
propaganda aspects of World War II were similar to those of World War I, except that the war was greater in scope. Radio played a major role, and propaganda
activities overseas were more intense. Propagandists manipulate the people into believing that without going to war and doing everything possible their worst fear
would come to life.
3. The Allies
On January 1, 1942, the United States, the United Kingdom, the USSR, and 23 other countries signed the Declaration proposed by United Nations in
which they promised not to make a separate peace. The United Nations became the official name for the anti-Axis coalition, but the term used more often was the
Allies, taken over from World War I. The war was fought on three continents: Europe, Asia, and Africa. The war was Germany, Italy, and Japan against the
allied forces led by Great Britain, France, and the United States Microsoft
Encarta Inc. 2003.
At wartime conferences, Allied leaders looked ahead to the war’s end. According to John Morton in Politics and American Culture During World War
II, in January 1943, for instance, Britain and the United States met at Casablanca, Morocco, and agreed not to lay down arms until certain conditions were met. It
means that Germany, Italy, and Japan had to surrender unconditionally, give up all conquered territory, and renounce the ideologies that arouse aggression. At the
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next meetings, the Allied leaders repeated this commitment and also considered post war occupation plans and divisions of territory. However, the Western
powers and the USSR did not trust one another and disagreed on the post war future of nations on the Soviet border.
Allied propaganda efforts were aimed at separating the peoples of the Axis nations from their governments, which were just blamed for the war. Radio
broadcasts and leaflets dropped from the air carried Allied propaganda to the enemy. The official United States propaganda agencies during World War II were
the Office of War Information OWI. OWI was responsible for the spreading of information at home and abroad, and the Office of Strategic Service OSS
managed on conducting psychological warfare against the enemy Microsoft Encarta Inc. 2003
4. Nazi
At the end of World War I a German delegation signed the peace treaty in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles on 28 June 1919. They left the
ceremony with heavy hearts and with bitterness. It is because Germany had been forced to accept the decision of treaty without discussion, with full responsibility
of war, giving up their colonies and some land Europe, reducing the armed forces and paying reparations with unspecific amount of money to repair war damage
Polak 303 However, by 1934, Hitler was firmly in power and the German people
were enthusiastic in their support of his policy. Hitler believed that Aryans were a master race destined to take control of world. “The German are a super race
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destined to rule the world” was typical slogan produced by Goebells, Hitler right hand. Hitler hates the Jews because he believed the Jews were responsible for
what they regarded as the degeneracy of modern society. Goebbels promoted the views that all of Germany should be Aryan blonde hair, blue eyes, etc. and this
lead the Nazi party destroyed Jews, people with abnormalities, their enemies, and anyone who did not fall under the criteria of the perfect race, the Aryan race. The
results were the persecution and murder of six million Jews and millions of other victims of Nazi tyranny from 1933 to 1945 Dupuy 44. Jews were not the only
victims of the Nazis during World War II. The Nazis also imprisoned and killed people who opposed their regime on grounds of ideology; Roma Gypsies;
Germans who were mentally impaired or physically disabled Microsoft ® Encarta ® Reference Library 2005.
Global depression in the 1930s helped bring the Nazis to power. In 1932, with six million Germans out of work, the Nazis won more votes than any other
party. In 1933 Hitler became the German Prime Minister Dupuy 44. Germany soon revealed its expansionist goals. In 1933 Hitler began to build up the German
military and it is violation of the Treaty of Versailles. The same year, Hitler and Mussolini signed an alliance, the Rome-Berlin Axis Pact. In 1940 the alliance was
extended to include Japan. The three nations became the Axis Powers that are, Germany, Italy, and Japan Polak 307. The first attack was in Poland. For four
days there was bitter fighting just inside the frontiers of Poland. The defenders fought bravely, but they were severely handicapped. Through their spies and by
close observation, the Germans discovered the location of the headquarters and bombed it intensively Dupuy 13
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The Nazis believed in propaganda as a vital tool in achieving their goals. According to Tor Dagre in Norway and World War II, in Norway, the Germans
had tried to frighten the Norwegian people into submission. The German ambassador had invited the leader of Norwegian citizens to watch moving picture
of the destroying German ground and air attacks against the armies and cities of Poland. The German hoped these would do the trick, but in case the Norwegian
did try to resist Rhodes Richard’s The Making of the Atomic Bomb states during World
War II the Nazis faced a serious problem. They had just accepted a great depression and had a destructive war on their hands. The problem was that they
had to communicate with the nation to convince them that they would be able to win the war. Germany was impressed by the power of Allied propaganda during
World War I and believed that it had been a primary cause of the collapse of morale and revolts in Germany. The Nazi leaders used every aspect of
propaganda to get military support from the Germanic Nation. Based
on Robert Edwin Herztein’s The War That Hitler Won, most propaganda in Germany
was produced by the Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda. Joseph Goebbels was placed in charge of this ministry. All journalists, writers, and artists
were required to register to one of the Ministrys subordinate chambers for the press, fine arts, music, theatre, film, literature, or radio.
German propagandists played on anti-British sentiment which represented the war as a struggle against communism. German agents also gave their support
to movements in the United States that supported isolationism. German propaganda efforts proved ineffective, especially after the Japanese attack on
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Pearl Harbour. The evidence of German aggression was too clear, and American sympathies were increasingly on the side of the United Kingdom Microsoft
Encarta Inc.2003
C. Theoretical Framework
