According to M. J Murphy there are nine methods for readers to understand the character. First, Personal Description. The author describes the
appearance of a character in details such as the face, the skin color, the hair and so on. Second, Character as Seen by the Others. The author describes the character of
the person through the other’s eyes and opinion. The opinion that come from people around the person about his personality can also determine his
characteristics. Third, Speech. The author gives the readers some clues about the character through what the character says. Fourth, Past Life. Through certain
events of the character’s past life, the readers know the characteristic of himher. Here we learn that a character’s past experiences, particularly those which are
really meaningful can cause several effects to the person’s future life even may change his character. Fifth, Conversation of Others. Through the conversations
done by other people, the readers know what they say about the character. Seventh, Reactions. The readers know what kind of person the character is by
seeing how heshe reacts to various situations in the story. The readers here can conclude if a person is temperamental or patient. Eighth, Direct Comment. The
author gives direct comment to the character. However, the author does not give lots of direct comment otherwise the novel is uninteresting to read. Ninth,
Thoughts. The author directly mentions what a person is thinking about. By knowing what in the ch
aracter’s mind, the readers know his characteristic. Tenth,
Mannerism.
The author creates the character’s behaviors where each and every one of the behaviors shows
the characteristic of the character. A person’s habits of
idiosyncrasies may also tell us something about his or her characteristic Murphy, 1972: 161-173.
2. Theory of Setting
Setting is one of the main intrinsic elements in the novel. Setting has an important role in the novel which has direct effect to the character, such as
personalities, and way of thinking. There have been many books discussed about theory of setting, but the writer only takes three of them to analyze the novel.
Setting of the novel is the background against which the characters live up their lives usually setting concerns with place and time in which the characters
live. These can give a great effect on their personalities, actions, and way of thinking Murphy, 1972: 41. In A Glossary of Literary Terms, setting of a
narrative or dramatic work is the general locale, historical time, and social circumstances in which its action occurs; the setting of a single episode or scene
within a work is the particular physical location in which it takes place Abrams and Harpham, 2009: 330.
Subsequently, Holman and Harmon describe that there are four aspects compose the setting. First the actual geographical action which contains; its
topography, scenery, and such physical arrangements as such the location of the interior, for example, door, window, furniture, etc. It means the description where
the story takes place physically. Second the time or period in which the action takes place. Third is the occupations and daily manner of living of the character.
Fourth the general environment of the characters, for example: religions, mental,
moral, social, and emotional conditions through which the people in the narrative move Holman and Harmon, 1986: 468.
3. Postcolonial Theory
Reviewing on postcolonialism needs more concentration in order to understand deepest about it. Many believe that postcolonialism has two meanings.
First, postcolonialism can be defined as certain era. Second, postcolonialism also can be interpreted as theory. Although postcolonialism has two meanings, many
people convince that it more relates to the theory. In this study, the writer scrutinizes the constellation of postcolonialism as
theory in the postcolonial studies. Wilfred L Guerin, Earle Labor, Lee Morgan, Jeanne C. Reesman, and John R. Willingham define the process of reconstructing
as ―postcolonialism‖. According to them, ―postcolonialism is as a historical phase undergone by Third World countries after the decline of colonialism: for example,
when countries in Asia, Africa, Latin, America, and the Caribbean separated from the European empires and are
left to rebuild themselves‖ Guerin et al, 2011: 361. Thus, it can be concluded that postcolonial theory is built on the advanced
awareness of the ex-colonized. Ania Loomba in ColonialismPostcolonialism describes the complex
relations between imperialism and colonialism. She argues that imperialism, colonialism and the differences between them are explained separately based on
the histories transformation. In addition, she criticizes that the meaning of imperialism can be implemented in undefined colonies as in United States
imperialism but colonialism doing the reverse. For Loomba, the complicated discussion about imperialism and colonialism contributes in generating the term
of ―postcolonial‖. Postcolonial begins with prefix ―post‖ which contains confusing problems.
It connotes ―aftermath‖ that has two meanings; temporal coming after and ideological supplanting. It means that
prefix ―post‖ can be understood as after colonialism and substitute the colonized ideology with the
colonizers ideology Loomba, 2005: 11-12. From the previously foregrounded idea, it can be concluded that
imperialism and colonialism are part of the postcolonial discourse which refer to the after colonialism and replacing the native ideology with imperial ideology. It
means that it foregrounds the complex relations between the colonizers and the colonized. Ashcroft, Griffiths, and Tiffin also associate th
e term ―postcolonial‖ with the cultural relations between the oppressors and the oppressed from the
colonization up to the present day Ashcroft, Griffiths, and Tiffin, 2002: 2. The relation between the oppressors and the oppressed generate various
types of discussion which become urgent topic in the constellation of postcolonial studies. Generally speaking, the complicated relations between Western and
Eastern present serious discussion on migration, slavery, suppression, resistance, representation, difference, gender, place, responses to the influential master
discourses of imperial Europe such as history, philosophy and linguistic Ashcroft, Griffiths, and Tiffin, 1997: 2. Discussion about relations between the
oppressors and the oppressed is something new. Most of people are difficult to decide when postcolonial theory is born. According to Peter Barry,
―the ancestry
