The Type of Tenses in

b. -s forms Support grows for RI to take lead in Bali The Jakarta Post, Thursday, November 1 st , 2007 -s [Support grow for RI to take lead in Bali] C’ C TNSP NP TNS’ TNS VP N V’ NP V North Jakarta flood Cause traffic chaos -s CP C’ C TNSP NP TNS’ TNS VP NP V’ V Support grow -s for RI to take lead in Bali Clause t t t t CP c. Modal auxiliary Govt may limit sales of fuel to private cars The Jakarta Post, Wednesday, November 7 th , 2007 may [Govt limit to private cars] CP C’ C TNSP NP V V’ NP VP TNS TNS’ NP Govt may limit sales of fuel to private cars t d. be form This is more about enforcing the law for the sake of healthy business competition in Indonesia. The Jakarta Post, Thursday, November 22 nd 2007, p.6 -s [This be more about enforcing the law for the sake of healthy business competition in Indonesia] be [This more about enforcing the law for the sake of healthy business competition in Indonesia] CP C TNSP NP TNS’ C’ TNS NP V’ VP V NP This be -s t t more about enforcing the law for the sake of healthy business competition in Indonesia e. do form that the rainfall rate doesn’t change The Jakarta Post, Thursday, November 29 th 2007, p.13 -s [that the rainfall rate not change] CP V’ C’ C TNSP NP TNS’ TNS Neg P Neg’ Neg VP - s That V change not The rainfall rate t NP t By looking at the S-Structure of each finite clause, the writer figured out that twenty-one of the finite clauses in the headlines are in the forms of simple present and most of them are main verbs standing alone. The using of modal auxiliaries is only one clause from twenty-one clauses. Here are some finite clauses which use the forms of simple present tense in the headlines: 3 Support grows for RI to take lead in Bali The Jakarta Post, Thursday, November 1 st , 2007 4 North Jakarta floods cause traffics chaos The Jakarta Post, Tuesday, November 27 th , 2007 5 Govt may limit sales of fuel to private cars The Jakarta Post, Wednesday, November 7 th , 2007 Clause 3 is the example of finite clause using a simple present tense with –s form. The –s form can be seen in the finite verb grows. The base form of the verb is grow but because the subject of the clause is singular, the verb is inflected with –s. From the headlines, there are 18 clauses with the same characteristics, using simple present tense with –s -es forms. Clause 4 is an example of finite clause using simple present tense with the base form of finite verb. The base is the basic, uninflected form which is given as the entry form in the dictionaries. The finite verb with the base form in clause 4 is cause. The other example of finite verb in the headlines which used the base form is only respect The Jakarta Post, Thursday, November 22 nd 2007. The other type of simple present tense in the headlines can be seen in clause 5. Clause 5 is an example of finite clause which uses modal auxiliary standing with PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI main verb. Leech and Svartvik define the auxiliary verbs as the helping verbs 1994: 240 which do not make up a verb phrase on their own, but help to make up a verb phrase in combination with a main verb 1994: 249. For example in clause 5, the modal auxiliary which is used is may and the main verb is limit. The type of finite verb with modal auxiliary standing with main verb only occur once in the samples of headlines, that is in November 7 th 2007. The occurrences of the finite verbs with –s form in the headlines of The Jakarta Post published in November 2007 are more frequent rather than the finite verbs with base form, and finite verb with modal auxiliary. The –s forms occur in 18 clauses, the base forms occur in 2 clauses and the modal auxiliary only occurs in one clause. The clearer description can be seen in the following table. Table 5. The Types of Finite Verbs in the Simple Present Tense Clauses in the Headlines No. Types of Finite Verbs Occurrence Percentage 1. -s forms 18 85.72 2. Base form 2 9.52 3. Modal auxiliary 1 4,76 Total 21 100 Besides analyzing the headline, the writer also analyzed the articles of the headlines news. As stated before, there are 411 finite clauses from 521 which use the pattern of simple present tense in the articles of the headlines. The type of finite verb also varies like the type of finite verbs in the headlines. There are simple present tense with main verbs standing alone and also simple present tense with auxiliaries. The main verbs which stand alone can be in the base form or in the –s form, while the auxiliaries can be in the form of modal auxiliaries or PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI primary auxiliaries like be form and do form. The distribution of each types of finite verb is illustrated in the following table. Table 6 . The Types of Finite Verbs in the Simple Present Tense Clauses in the Articles No. Types of Finite Verbs Occurrence Percentage 1. Base form 70 17.03 2. -s forms 105 25.55 3. Modal auxiliary 102 24.82 4. be form 122 29.68 5. do form 12 2.92 Total 411 100 From the table, it is clear that the occurrences of the base form are 70 clauses or 17.03. As stated before, the base form of the main verb is uninflected form as in dictionaries. The examples of the clauses which contain main verbs with base forms are: 6 Where countries agree to push for it The Jakarta Post, Thursday, November 1 st 2007, p.5 7 Norway, the United Kingdom, Slovenia, Sweden and South Korea, all with EDIs of close to 1, occupy the top five spots on UNESCO’s list. The Jakarta Post, Friday, November 30 th 2007, p.8 The main verb in clause 6 is agree and the main verb of clause 7 is occupy. Both of the verbs are uninflected and the same with dictionaries entries because the subjects of the clauses are plural. The second type of the finite verbs which is found in the simple present clauses is the –s form. This type of finite verb occurs in 105 clauses or 25.55. Some of the examples of this type can be seen in the following clauses. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 8 The organization already has the experience, infrastructure, and expertise. The Jakarta Post, Friday, November 2 nd 2007, p.8 9 The HDI report looks back at a measure of health, education and income ... the standard of living among 177 countries The Jakarta Post, Wednesday, November 28 th 2007, p.3 The main verbs, has and looks, in the finite clauses above are the examples of finite verbs with –s form. The main verbs are inflected with –s-es because the subjects of the clauses are singular and the –s form is also called as the third person singular present. The third type of the finite verbs is the modal auxiliaries which stand with main verbs. The modal auxiliaries which are found in the articles are will, can, may, must and shall. The distributions of the modal auxiliaries which stand with main verb are 102 clauses or 24.82, the examples are: 10 Indonesia and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Conference will hold a climate conference in Bali from Dec. 3 to 14. The Jakarta Post, Friday, November 2 nd 2007, p.15 11 How can they say the sale of tankers that cost 130 millions for 184 millions created a lost? The Jakarta Post, Saturday, November 3 rd 2007, p.14 12 The funds for the program may come from another reallocation of routine expenditures in the budget The Jakarta Post, Wednesday, November 7 th 2007, p.11 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 13 That military rule must end by Nov. 22 The Jakarta Post, Wednesday, November 14 th 2007, p.7 14 How shall we live? The Jakarta Post, Wednesday, November 18 th 2007, p.14 Clauses 10 to 14 are the examples of finite clauses using modal auxiliaries in the form of statements and questions. In here, the writer also found that the modal auxiliaries can be in the form of negatives like can’t, won’t and must not. The negative forms can be seen in the following clauses. 15 In Bali, we probably cant develop the legal framework or draft it The Jakarta Post, Thursday, November 1 st 2007, p.5 16 I simply won’t be able to believe anything he said to me The Jakarta Post, Wednesday, November 14 th 2007, p.11 17 The divested shares ... must not exceed five percent for each buyer The Jakarta Post, Tuesday, November 20 th 2007, p.4 The fourth type of the finite verb which is found in the simple present tense clause is be form. The type of be form is dominated in the simple present tense clauses. The occurrence is 122 clauses from 410 clauses, or 29.68. As we know in English, there are 3 kinds of be is, am, are, but from the samples of the simple present tense clauses, there are only two kinds of be which occur in the samples, is and are. The occurrences of be form are stated in the following examples. 18 This is more about enforcing the law for the sake of healthy business competition in Indonesia. The Jakarta Post, Thursday, November 22 nd 2007, p.6 19 There are, in spite of this apparent setback, significant pluses in Indonesia, so much so that investors will never dry up. The Jakarta Post, Friday, November 23 rd 2007, p.17 The last type of finite verb which occurs in the simple present tense clauses is do form. The occurrence of this type is the less than the other types. The distribution of do form only occurs in the 12 clauses or 2.92. In English, do form can be in the form of do, does, don’t, and doesn’t, but from the samples of the simple present tense clauses, the writer only found the negative forms of the don’t and doesn’t. The examples are: 20 If we don’t do the right things right now The Jakarta Post, Wednesday, November 28 th 2007, p.10 21 that the rainfall rate doesn’t change The Jakarta Post, Thursday, November 29 th 2007, p.13

2. Present Progressive

From Table 5 we have known that there is not a present progressive clause in the headlines because, as stated before, the simple present tense dominates the clauses. The type of present progressive tense can be seen in the following S- Structure. The new generations are becoming more and more comfortable with Asia The Jakarta Post, Monday, November 26 th 2007, p.18 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI -s [The new generations be becoming more and more comfortable with Asia] be [The new generations becoming more and more comfortable with Asia] -ing [The new generations become more and more comfortable with Asia] V AP A’ CP C TNSP NP TNS’ C’ TNS NP V’ VP V PartP Part’ Part VP NP V’ The new generations be -s t t t become -ing t t more and more comfortable with Asia The occurrence of present continuous tense clauses in the articles is the fewest compared with the occurrences of the simple present tense and present perfect tense. The distribution of present continuous tense in the articles is only 30 clauses or 5.76. The pattern of present continuous that was found by the writer is be + V ing, with most of be are is and are. Some of the clauses using the pattern of present progressive tense are: PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 22 Alaska is heating up more dramatically than other regions because increases in temperature are accelerated in the far north, according to climate scientists The Jakarta Post, Sunday, November 11 th 2007, p.18 23 The new generations are becoming more and more comfortable with Asia The Jakarta Post, Monday, November 26 th 2007, p.18

3. Present Perfect

The writer didn’t find the pattern of present perfect in the headlines, but in the articles, the writer found that the distribution of the present perfect clauses is the second largest, which are 80 clauses or 15.35 of the whole samples. The pattern of present perfect tense can be seen in the following S-Structure: Many have expressed hope Yudhoyono would use the opportunity to take a stronger stance on the junta when he meets with Myanmar’s Prime Minister Thein Sein. The Jakarta Post, Monday, November 19 th 2007, p.7 -s [Many have expressed hope Yudhoyono would use the opportunity to take a stronger stance on the junta when he meets with Myanmar’s Prime Minister Thein Sein] have [Many expressed hope Yudhoyono would use the opportunity to take a stronger stance on the junta when he meets with Myanmar’s Prime Minister Thein Sein] -en [Many have express hope Yudhoyono would use the opportunity to take a stronger stance on the junta when he meets with Myanmar’s Prime Minister Thein Sein] PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI CP C TNSP NP TNS’ C’ TNS NP V’ VP V PartP Part’ Part VP NP V’ Many have -s t t t express -en V NP t Yudhoyono would use the opportunity to take a stronger stance on the junta when he meets with Myanmar’s Prime Minister Thein Sein Clause N hope t The writer found that the patterns of present prefect tense in the articles of the headline news can be in the form of active voice and passive voices. The auxiliaries which always appear in the present perfect tense are has for the singular subject and have for plural subject. The patterns of present perfect can be seen in the following clauses. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 24 Many have expressed hope Yudhoyono would use the opportunity to take a stronger stance on the junta when he meets with Myanmar’s Prime Minister Thein Sein. The Jakarta Post, Monday, November 19 th 2007, p.7 25 which has been criticized as one reason for ASEAN’s inability to deal with Myanmar and other problems such as the Asian financial crisis of 1997 The Jakarta Post, Saturday, November 10 th 2007, p.17 As stated before, basically there are only two kinds of tenses, present and past. In this analysis result, the type of present tense clauses has been discussed in the above paragraphs. Therefore, the pattern of Past tense will be discussed in the following paragraphs. In this study, the writer also found the pattern of past tense in the finite clauses which are taken from the articles of the headlines news. The population of the past tense form dominates the samples of the data that is 806 clauses from 1327 clauses or 60.74 of the samples of the data. Those past tense clauses are in the form of simple past, past perfect and also past progressive. The pattern of simple past dominates the whole past tense clauses. The distribution of the simple past clauses is 749 clauses from 806 clauses or 92.93. The second type of past tense is past perfect tense. This type of tense occurs in 43 clauses or 5.33, while the third type, past progressive tense, only occurs in the 14 clauses or 1.74. The distribution of those types of past tense can be shown in the following table. Table 7. The Variants of Past Tense and the Distributions in the Articles of the Headlines News No. Variants of Past Tense Occurrence Percentage 1. Simple Past 749 92.93 2. Past Perfect 43 5.33 3. Past Progressive 14 1.74 Total 806 100

4. Simple Past

There are also several types of finite verbs in the simple past tense clauses which are found in the analysis. Those finite verbs can be in the in the forms of - ed form, modal auxiliary, be form and also did form. The patterns of simple present tense can be seen from the S-Structure like in the following examples: a. -ed form He added it would also put a rules-based framework in place, which would include measures for monitoring compliance and provisions for the settlement of disputes. The Jakarta Post, Monday, November 19 th 2007, p.4 -ed [He add it would also put a rules-based framework in place, which would include measures for monitoring compliance and provisions for the settlement of disputes] PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI C’ C TNSP NP TNS’ TNS VP NP V’ Clause V add it would also put a rules-based framework in place, which would include measures for monitoring compliance and provisions for the settlement of disputes -ed He t t CP b. Modal auxiliary Bangladesh death toll could top 2,000 The Jakarta Post, Sunday, November 18 th 2007 Could [Bangladesh death toll top 2,000] CP C’ C TNSP NP V V’ NP VP TNS TNS’ NP Bangladesh death toll could top t 2000 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI c. be form the initial purchase by Indonesia of the two VLCC tankers for 130 million in 2002 was appropriate and in line with existing regulations The Jakarta Post, Saturday, November 3 rd 2007, p.8 -ed [the initial purchase by Indonesia of the two VLCC tankers for 130 million in 2002 be appropriate and in line with existing regulations] be [the initial purchase by Indonesia of the two VLCC tankers for 130 million in 2002 appropriate and in line with existing regulations] A’ CP C TNSP NP TNS’ C’ TNS NP V’ VP V AP the initial purchase by Indonesia of the two VLCC tankers for 130 million in 2002 be -ed t t appropriate and in line with existing regulations d. did form Paskah did not give details on the program The Jakarta Post, Wednesday, November 7 th 2007, p.11 -ed [Paskah not give details on the program] not [Paskah give details on the program] PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI N’ By looking at the S-Structure, the writer found that there is only one clause in the headlines which uses the pattern of past tense. From Table 1, it is clear that the occurrence of past tense clause in the headlines is 4.55. The pattern of past tense in the headlines is using modal auxiliary in the past form, could, which stand with the main verb. The past tense clause in the headlines is: CP C’ C TNSP NP NegP V’ NP VP TNS TNS’ VP Paskah -ed V NP t give not N PP on the program details 26 Bangladesh death toll could top 2,000 The Jakarta Post, Sunday, November 18 th 2007 In the above clause, past tense is shown by the using of modal auxiliaries could and the main verb is top. As the minimum requirement of a past tense, the modal auxiliary is in the past form. The modal auxiliary could is the past form of modal auxiliary can. In the articles of the headlines news, the writer found that 749 of 806 clauses are using the pattern of simple past tense. Like the pattern of simple present, the simple past tense can also be varies. Those simple past tense clauses can be in the –ed forms, modal auxiliaries forms, be forms or did forms. The occurrence of –ed form is dominating the whole samples, 528 from 749 clauses or 70.49. The modal auxiliaries forms occurs in 86 clauses or 11.48, be form occurs 131 clauses or 17.49, and the fewest is did form, which only occurs in 4 clauses or 0.54. The clearer distributions can be seen in the table below. Table 8 . The Types of Finite Verbs in the Simple Past Tense Clauses in the Articles No. Types of Finite Verbs Occurrence Percentage 1. -ed form 528 70.49 2. Modal auxiliary 86 11.48 3. be form 131 17.49 4. did form 4 0.54 Total 749 100 As stated before, the occurrence of the simple past tense is dominated by –ed form. The writer found that this kind of finite verb can be in the irregular or regular form. For examples are the verbs added and found. The verb added is an example of regular verb and the past form of verb add. The second verb, found, is an example of irregular verb and the past form of verb find. Those verbs are used in the following clauses. 27 He added it would also put a rules-based framework in place, which would include measures for monitoring compliance and provisions for the settlement of disputes. The Jakarta Post, Monday, November 19 th 2007, p.4 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 28 The KPPU found Monday that Temasek, along with eight other firms, mostly its subsidiaries, including STT and Singapore Telecommunications SingTel, had broken the Monopoly Law, which prohibits a company or business group from owning two or more companies with a combined market share of more than 50 percent. The Jakarta Post, Thursday, November 22 nd 2007, p.8 The second type of finite verb in the simple past tense clauses is modal auxiliaries form. The occurrence of this type is 86 from 749 clauses or 11.48. Some of the modal auxiliaries which are employed in the simple past tense clauses are could, should, would, and might. Those modal auxiliaries are used in the following clauses. 29 that Indonesia could take the lead for developing nations by forming a friends of chair group The Jakarta Post, Thursday, November 1 st 2007, p.8 30 Which institution should handle the billions of dollars The Jakarta Post, Friday, November 2 nd 2007, p.1 31 it would “take a lot of energy to shift the 2.5 million cubic meters of water in the crater” The Jakarta Post, Sunday, November 4 th 2007, p.17 32 that finally we might have a leader who is passionate about fairness in this country The Jakarta Post, Sunday, November 25 th 2007, p.7 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Besides the positive statement, the using of modal auxiliary is also used in the negative statement. One of the example is modal auxiliary shouldn’t. The simple past clause which used modal auxiliary shouldn’t is: 33 They shouldn’t be angry if they are subjected to sanctions The Jakarta Post, Thursday, November 22 nd 2007, p.4 The third type of finite clauses in the simple past tense is be form. The distribution of this type of finite verb is 131 from 749 clauses or 17.49. The writer found that there are only two kinds of be which occur in the articles of the headlines news. Those two kinds of be are was and were and shown in the examples below. 34 the initial purchase by Indonesia of the two VLCC tankers for 130 million in 2002 was appropriate and in line with existing regulations The Jakarta Post, Saturday, November 3 rd 2007, p.8 35 some recalcitrant residents were dragged from their homes The Jakarta Post, Saturday, November 4 th 2007, p.13 And the last type of finite verb is did form. The distribution of this type of verb is the fewest among all. Did form only occur in 4 clauses from 749 clauses or the percentage is 0.54. The form of did only occurs in the negatives statements and one of the examples of those simple past tense clauses is: 36 Paskah did not give details on the program The Jakarta Post, Wednesday, November 7 th 2007, p.11 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

5. Past Perfect

The second combination of the past tense is past perfect tense. The patterns of past perfect tense can be seen in the following S-Structures: a. modal auxiliary whether we should have separated conventions like Kyoto Protocol for adaptation The Jakarta Post, Thursday, November 1 st 2007, p.5 should [whether we have separated conventions like Kyoto Protocol for adaptation] have [whether we separated conventions like Kyoto Protocol for adaptation] -en [whether we separate conventions like Kyoto Protocol for adaptation] whether CP C TNSP NP TNS’ C’ TNS NP V’ VP V Part P Part’ Part VP NP V’ we should separate -en V NP PP N’ t t have t t conventions like Kyoto protocol for adaptation b. had form five ships had been dispatched with supplies of food, medicine, and relief materials The Jakarta Post, Saturday, November 17 th 2007, p.10 -ed [five ships have been dispatched with supplies of food, medicine, and relief materials] have [five ships been dispatched with supplies of food, medicine, and relief materials] -en [five ships be dispatched with supplies of food, medicine, and relief materials] be [[five ships dispatched with supplies of food, medicine, and relief materials] -en [[five ships dispatch with supplies of food, medicine, and relief materials] CP Five ships Part P V Part’ VP Part V’ NP PP dispatch -en with supplies of food, medicine, and relief materials V’ NP Ø V C TNSP NP TNS’ C TNS NP V’ VP V Part P Part’ Part VP NP V’ have -ed t be -en t t t t t t t In this study, the writer didn’t find any past perfect tense in the headlines, but in the articles, this type of tense occurs in the 43 clauses from 806 clauses, or 5.33. The type of past perfect tense in articles also varies. It can be in the form of had and also with the combination of modal auxiliaries. The modal auxiliaries in the samples of the data are should, could and would. Those modal auxiliaries are used in the following clauses. 37 whether we should have separated conventions like Kyoto Protocol for adaptation The Jakarta Post, Thursday, November 1 st 2007, p.5 38 that the sale of the two tankers to Bermuda-based Frontline Inc. for US 184 millions in 2004 could have inflicted state losses The Jakarta Post, Saturday, November 3 rd 2007, p.7 39 the death toll would have been far higher The Jakarta Post, Sunday, November 18 th 2007, p.23 Like in present tense, the pattern of past perfect tense can be in the form of active voice and also passive voice. Some of the clauses which used the pattern of past perfect tense with had form are: 40 although the administration had increased the height of the sea barrier in Muara Angke over the past few weeks The Jakarta Post, Tuesday, November 27 th 2007, p.21 41 five ships had been dispatched with supplies of food, medicine, and relief materials The Jakarta Post, Saturday, November 17 th 2007, p.10

6. Past Progressive

The third combination of past tense is past progressive tense. The pattern of past progressive clause can be seen in the following S-Structure: that authorities were getting tough The Jakarta Post, Sunday, November 4 th 2007, p.14 -ed [that authorities be getting tough] be [that authorities getting tough] -ing [that authorities get tough] that CP C TNSP NP TNS’ C’ TNS NP V’ VP V PartP Part’ Part VP NP V’ authorities be -ed get -ing V AP tough t t t t t PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI The writer also didn’t find any kind of past progressive tense in the headlines. In here, the writer figured out that the distribution of past progressive tense is 14 articles from 806 clauses or 1.74. The types of past progressive tense in the articles are only were form and was form. Those types of verbs can be seen in the clauses below. 42 that authorities were getting tough The Jakarta Post, Sunday, November 4 th 2007, p.14 43 Although Howard was also trying to have a closer relations with Asia, among others by becoming part of the East Asia Summit and concluding a defense agreement with Indonesia The Jakarta Post, Monday, November 26 th 2007, p.11

B. The Grammatical Reasons of the Tense Choices

In this part, the grammatical reasons of the tense choices in the headlines and also in the articles of the headline news in The Jakarta Post published in November 2007 are discussed. The grammatical reasons which will be discussed include grammatical meanings of the tense and also what the tenses are used for. For example, a simple present tense may be used to show a habitual action, general timelessuniversal statement, or expressed a temporary activity. Therefore, the writer will describe the grammatical reasons of the tense choices in the following paragraphs.

1. Simple Present

As stated in the previous chapter, simple present tense may have some grammatical reasons such as to express a habitual action, general timelessuniversal statement, a temporary activity and instantaneous activity, for referring to a sequential habit in subordinate clause with the main verb is in future time, for referring to a conditional in a future time especially in the subordinate clause, for describing a past events in narration in conversation, for referring to an action which takes place at some definite future time, for referring to a future habitual action or future state, for referring to a situation that may obtain in the present and will obtain in the future but with some future termination in the sight, or for referring to the main clause in the future conditional sentence. In this study, the writer mixed the data both from the headlines and also from the articles of the headlines. There are 21 simple present tense clauses from the headlines and 411 clauses from the articles. The writer figured out that most of the simple present tense clauses are used to show the speech acts that take place in the present time with percentage of 57.41 or 248 from 432 clauses. And the rest 42.59 or 184 clauses of the simple present tense clauses are used to show the speech acts that happen in the past time but taken as quotations in the articles of the headline news. The percentage can be seen clearer from the table below. Table 9. The Grammatical Reasons of the Choosing Simple Present Tense in the Clauses of the Whole Samples No. Grammatical Reasons Occurrence Percentage 1. Showing speech acts that happen in the present time 248 57.41 2. Showing past speech acts that taken as quotations in the articles 184 42.59 Total 432 100 From the 248 clauses of the speech acts that happen in the present time, the writer found that the using of the simple present tense also has various meanings. The pattern of simple present tense can be used to show present actions present statements, habitual actions, to refer to sequential habit in subordinate clauses, to refer to a conditional future time especially in the subordinate clauses, to describe actions which take place at some definite future time, to describe a future habitual actions, to show situations that may obtain in the present and will obtain in the future but with future termination in the sight, to show a possibility that states in the present time, to refer to the abilities of the actions that are stated in the present time, and to show the obligations or compulsions in the present time. The occurrences of those grammatical meanings of the present speech acts are stated in the following table. Table 10 . The Grammatical Meanings of the Simple Present Tense in the Present Speech Acts No. Grammatical Meanings Occurrence Percentage 1. Showing present action present statements 185 74.60 2. Showing habitual actions 1 0.4 3. Showing sequential habits in the subordinate clauses 1 0.4 4. Showing conditional future time in the subordinate clauses 2 0.81 5. Showing actions which take place at some definite future time 34 13.72 6. Showing future habitual actions 1 0.4 7. Showing situations which occur in the present and will obtain in the future with the same future termination in the sight 4 1.61 8. Showing possibilities that stated in the present time 10 4.03 9. Showing the abilities of the actions that stated in the present time 6 2.42 10. Showing obligations or compulsory that stated in the present time. 4 1.61 Total 248 100 From the above table, it is clear that the occurrence of the grammatical meaning showing the present actions present statements dominates the samples of the present speech acts with percentage 74.6 or 185 from 248 present speech acts. This grammatical meaning can be viewed from these following clauses. 44 GEF projects are implemented by the World Bank, UN agencies, regional development banks, the International Fund for Agricultural Development and the Food and Agriculture Organization The Jakarta Post, Friday, November 2 nd 2007, p.7 45 About 130,000 people live within a 10-kilometer six-miles danger zone around Mount Kelud, according to the health ministry The Jakarta Post, Sunday, November 4 th 2007, p.16 The verbs are implemented and live in the clauses show the using of simple present tense and used to show the present statement and also present actions. Those clauses are said in the present time and that is why both of the clauses are called as the present speech acts. The second grammatical meaning of the simple present tense is showing the habitual actions. In this study, there is only a simple present clause which has that grammatical meaning. The percentage is 0.4 from 248 simple present tense clauses. The only clause which having grammatical meaning to show the habitual action is: 46 who travels regularly on Jl. Metro Pondok Indah, in Pondok Indah The Jakarta Post, Monday, November 12 th 2007, p.6 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI