C. Theoretical Framework
This part provides the foundations to answer the two problem formulations in the chapter I. From the theoretical framework the writer tries to define on how
the related theories are used in analyzing the object of the study. As the main object analyzed in this thesis, headline news has four parts in
its format. There are the headline, the text of the news story, the picture, and also the caption. In this study, the writer just takes the headline and also the text of the
news story as the corpus of the data because the significance of tense choices in news writing could only be found on the headline and also on the text of the story.
The nature of headline news is in the form of fact news, action news, and quote news. In order to make precise news, the choosing of tense is very important.
The theories that are going to be used are the theory of the sentence elements, theory on sentence structure, theory of tenses aspect and moods, and the
more detailed theory on tenses, theory on news story elements and the characteristic of the news, the theory on how to write headline, and also the theory
of headline news. Before answering the first problem, the writer analyzes all of the sentences
from the data using the theory of sentence elements. The theory of sentence elements is the first theory which is used in analyzing the data. The sentences
which are taken from the headlines news are analyzed by using the theory of sentence elements in order to know the elements of each sentence. English
sentence consists of two parts, the subject and also the predicate. The predicate is divided into four elements, verb, object, complement, and adverbial. The writer
only concerns about the verb element because by looking at the verb, the writer can define the tense which is used in the sentence.
After knowing the elements of each sentence, the writer tries to answer the first problem. The writer tries to find out the tense which is used in each
sentence by using the theory of sentence structure. The sentences and its elements are put in the s-structure and therefore, the writer easily defines the tense which
are used in each sentence by looking at the TNS or the inflections of the verb. Further, the verb phrases are classified and analyzed with the theory of
tense, aspect, and mood. With the theory of tenses, aspect and mood, the writer tries to answer the second problem. The writer identifies the grammatical reasons
of tense choices in sentences by reviewing the grammatical meaning of each tense using the theory of tense, aspect and mood. Every tense has grammatical
meanings which are different one to another. Therefore, the specific point of time of an action can be indicated from the tense.
Besides using the theory of tense, aspect and mood, the writer also uses the theory on news story elements, the theory on characteristic of the news,
headline, and headline news. Those theories are essential to support the answer of the second problem about the grammatical meanings of each tense choice. In
typical news story the time element is very relevant. The headline news must be an actual report and must deal only with fact and the news served contains who,
what, when, where, why, and how. Tense is needed to convey the when element in news story that is why the choosing of tense is also important. Those theories on
news story elements, the theory on characteristic of the news, headline and also PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
headline news describe the nature of news. By looking at the theories on news writing and the theory of tense, aspect and mood, the writer can also convey the
grammatical meanings of each tense in the clauses of the articles and the headlines of The Jakarta Post Headlines news.
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes the object of the study and also the methodology which was used by the writer in analyzing the problems. The object of the study
will be discussed in the first part and the methodology will be in the second part. The object of this study was the tense choices which were used in The Jakarta
Post headlines news and published in November 2007. Furthermore, the methodology conducted in this research included data collecting and data analysis.
A. Object of the Study
This research is concerned about the tense choices which were used in the news writing and the writer took the samples from The Jakarta Post on November
2007 especially the headline news. The object was analyzed based on its tense. As stated in Chapter II, tense is a verb form that expresses actions which occur on
certain time in the past, present, and future Murcia Freeman, 1983:62. Basically there are only two tenses in English, present tense and past tense. Each
tense can have a simple form and each can be combined with either progressive aspect or with perfective aspect or with both R.A. Close, 1977:241 and every
combinations of tense have different grammatical meanings from another. In a typical news story, tense is very relevant. Therefore, the writer took
the data from straight news, especially the headline news. As a form of straight news, the headline news must be an actual report and must deal only with fact and
39 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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