Background of the Study

5 The primary source is The Cuckoo’s Calling’s novel which is written by Robert Galbraith. Robert Galbraith is a pseudonym for J. K. Rowling, the author of the Harry Potter Fantasy Series and The Casual Vacancy. She is one of the best known writers in the world, whose books have gained worldwide attention. The Cuckoo’s Calling novel gets the number 1 best-selling novel on Amazon and the winner of the 2013 LA Times Book Prize for Mystery and Thriller. This novel makes a super surge after JK Rowling was unmasked as the author of The Cuckoo’s Calling, this novel has been sold more than 5,000 copies of printed books. This novel consists of 576 pages. The secondary sources are the supporting sources used to help analyze this study. As stated before, this study will analyze the John Bristow’s characterization and motivation in supporting Lula Landry’s death investigation. In analyzing John Bristow’s characteristics and motivation, the theory of characterization, personality, and motivation will be used in this study. The main theory which is used to analyze John Bristow’s characteristics is M. J. Murphy’s theory entitled Understanding unseen: An introduction to English poetry and the English novel for overseas students 1972 and the theory of Benjamin B. Lahey’s entitled Psychology an introduction 10 th edition 2009 is used to analyze John Bristow’s motivation. Other theories and websites which are used to give more information in this study can be found in the reference pages. In this study, the writer used literary study as the method to analyze the novel. The literary study means that the main step in this study was reading and taking notes to help in analyzing this study. In analyzing this study, there were 6 several steps that should be done in finishing this study. The first step was select a novel, after that the writer read the novel. In reading the novel, the writer read the novel repeatly in order to obtain the essential meaning of the storyline in the novel and get deeper understanding about the characters. Meanwhile, the writer highlighted the important sentences when reading the novel. The second step was to find the issues which occurred in the novel and analyzed the issues by formulating the problem formulation. The third was to decide the psychology approach that would be used in this study and to gather the theories and information from some books and websites that would support this study. In this step, the writer collected the theories and the information which were related to the topic and the problem formulation. After that, the last step was to conclude the analysis as the result and provide the recommendation of this study in the education field. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 7

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION

Through this chapter, there are two major parts, namely review of related theories and the analysis. In this chapter, the characteristics of John Bristow will be discussed. Then, John Bristow’s motivation in supporting Lula Landry’s death investigation will be analyzed.

A. Review of Related Theories

This part presents the related theories used to reveal and analyze the novel in order to answer the research questions of this study. Those theories are theory of characterization, theory of personality and the theory of motivation.

1. Theory of Characterization

Both character and characterization are important in literary works. According to Gill 1995, a character is someone who has some sort of identity in literary work. The identity might be made up by hisher appearance, conversation, action, name, and thoughts. It means that character holds an important role in the novel to lead the readers’ imagination towards the novel. Moreover, the author needs to create a character as one of the main aspect of the story in the novel. Abrams adds that characters are persons in the literary works who are interpreted by the readers from what they said and by which they do Cited in Abrams Harpham, 2009, p. 42. 8 Characterization is a method by which an author to create, reveal and develop change through the major character so that the reader can interpret what kind of shehe is Henkle, 1977, pp. 92-97. In addition, characterization according to Rohrberger Woods is the process by which an author creates a character Rohrberger Woods, 1971, p. 20. Murphy 1972, pp. 161-173 divides nine ways in which an author attempts to make his character understandable and come alive for the readers. The first is Personal description. The author can describe a person’s appearance and clothes. It means that the author describes the details of the character through physical appearance, such as face, skin, eyes, and clothes. The second is character as seen as by another. Instead of describing a character directly the author can describe the character through the eyes and opinions of another. The reader gets, as it were, a reflected image. The third is speech. The author can give the reader insight into the character of one of the persons in the book through what the person says. Whenever the person speaks, whenever he is in conversation with another, whenever he puts forward an opinion, he is giving the reader some clue to his character. The fourth is past life. By letting the reader learn something about a person’s past life the author can give a clue to events that have helped to shape a person’s character. This can be done by direct comment by the author, through the person’s thoughts, through his conversation or through the medium of another person. Another ways in describing the character is also shown from the conversation of others. The author can also give clues to a person’s character through the