Teaching Definition LITERATURE REVIEW

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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

In chapter II, the writer presents literature review related to the topic of discussion in this report. This will cover the teaching definition, learning definition, teaching writing, writing process, and descriptive text.

A. Teaching Definition

According to Brown in his book “Principles of Language Learning and Teaching ”, it is defined that teaching is showing or helping someone to learn how to do something, giving instructions, guiding in the study of something, providing with knowledge, and causing to know or understand Brown, 2000:7. This definition is also supported in Longman dictionary of Contemporary English that teaching is to give lessons in a school, college, or university, or to help someone learn about something by giving them information Summers, 2003:1700. Based on Brown and Longman ’s definition above, the writer can conclude that teaching is an activity to help and facilitate someone in learning something by giving a new knowledge and information in order that they can understand what they are learning. In teaching process, there must be a person who has a role as a controller, organizer, and tutor. Teachers do all these roles in teaching process. When a teacher does his responsibility, he should have a good behavior and attitude to do these important roles in controlling and organizing learning of students during the learning process. Jeremy Harmer argues that the behavior and the attitude of the 5 commit to user teacher are the most important factors in the classroom Harmer, 1991:249. Besides, the other important requirement in teaching activity is that teacher should have knowledge about class management. When teacher has ability to conduct and encourage his students, he can teach and do learning process well. Meanwhile, class management can be done if a teacher and his students have relationship and students feel if they need that teacher to teach them. This explanation is supported by Harmer that class management – the ability to control and inspire a class – is one of the fundamental skills of teaching. Teachers find it much easier if their students believe that they are genuinely interested in them and available for them Harmer, 1998:3. In 1970, a study done by Denis Girard attempted to know what the qualities of good teacher in order to help in providing intrinsic motivation of students. In the result of his study, there are 10 criteria of a good teacher: 1. He makes his course interesting. 2. He teaches good pronunciation. 3. He explains clearly. 4. He speaks good English. 5. He shows the same interest in all his students. 6. He makes all the students participate. 7. He shows great patience. 8. He insists on the spoken language. 9. He makes his pupils work. 10. He uses an audio-lingual method. commit to user Besides, Harmer states “A simple answer to the question ‘what makes a good teacher?’ therefore, is that good teacher care more about their students’ learning than they do about their own teaching ” Harmer, 1998:3. Based on the explanation above, the writer concludes that a teacher not only has responsibility to teach students but also to conduct and inspire students in learning process. Furthermore teacher should have criteria as a good teacher. Teacher is called by good teacher if the teacher knows what students need and make them enjoy doing learning process. By being good teacher, a teacher can have successful learning process and student can learn easily.

B. Learning Definition