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Student : “It’s been raining a lot lately, hasn’t it?”
From the example above, the student violate maxim of Relation by not responding in a relevant way. On the other hand, by giving this response the
student signal to the teacher that he want to move away from the topic of conversation that has been raised. That is one of the clue that he is violating
maxim of relation by changing the topic
2.1.4.4. Violating Maxim of Manner
a. If the speaker uses ambiguous language
b. If the speaker exaggerates thing
c. If the speaker uses slang in front of people who do not understand it.
d. If the speaker’s voice is not loud enough.
As the example by Khosravizadeh and Sadehvandi 2011:122-123 of violating maxim of Manner :
Sarah : “Did you enjoy the party last night?”
Anna : “There was plenty of oriental food on the table, lots of flower all
over the place, people hanging around chatting with each other. ”
From the example above, Sarah asked a simply question but Anna answer’s is protacted description of what was going on in the party last night.
There are two interpretation can be caught from Anna’s answer. 1. Anna had such a good time in the party that she is obviously too excited and has no idea where to
begin. 2. Anaa had such a terrible time and she does not know how to complain about it. Anna gives the ambiguous answer, she has violated maxim of manner.
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In addition, the example above is a case of multiple violation. A multiple violation occurs when speakers violate more than one maxim simultaneously. In
this case, Anna does not only violate maxim of manner but also violate maxim of quantity at the same time.
2.1.5. Context
Context is central understanding in interpreting the meaning. According to Paul Gee 2010:100
Context is an important notion for understanding language-in-use and for understanding the nature of discourse analysis which is, after all, the study of
language-in-use. When we speak or write we never say all that we mean. Spelling everything out in words explicitly would take far too long. Speakers and writers
rely on listeners and readers to use the context in which things are said and written to fill in meanings that are left unsaid, but assumed to be inferable from context.
In context, we require a consideration of how speaker organize what they
want to say in accordance with who they are talking to, where, and when, and under what circumstance as cited in Yule 1996:3. Context is one of the
important thing to understand what the people communicated. By knowing the context of their communication we will understand what they want or what they
mean. People will not understand the communication if they do not know the context of the conversation or communication. As cited in Ningrum 2015:16
according to Paltride 2006:54 explains that cultural knowledge tends to say “what they know about the world, what they know about various areas of life,
what they know about each other and what they know about the norms and expectation of particular discourse community in which the communication is
taking place”. In this case, context is very necessary in cooperative principle to
