THE MULTIPLE VIOLATION OF CONVERSATIONAL MAXIM IN ONE PIECE COMIC VOL.51 "THE ELEVEN SUPERNOVAS".

THE MULTIPLE VIOLATION OF CONVERSATIONAL MAXIM IN

ONE PIECE COMIC VOL. 51 “THE ELEVEN SUPERNOVAS”

A Thesis

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Arts and Humanities

State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya

By : Helena Anggraeni Reg. Number A33212079

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA 2016

THE MULTIPLE VIOLATION OF CONVERSATIONAL MAXIM IN

ONE PIECE COMIC VOL. 51 “THE ELEVEN SUPERNOVAS”

By : Helena Anggraeni Reg. Number A33212079

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA 2016

ABSTRACT

Anggraeni, Helena. 2016. The Multiple Violation of Conversational Maxim in One Piece Comic Vol.51 “The Eleven Supernovas”. English Department. Faculty of Art and Humanities. State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

Thesis Advisor : Dr.Mohammad Kurjum. M.Ag

KeyWords : Cooperative Principle, Multiple Violating Maxim, Comic, One Piece The research entitled “The multiple violation of conversational maxim in One Piece comic Vol.51 “The Eleven Supernova”” The objective of this study is to find the multiple violation of conversational maxim. The researcher took in the One Piece Comic “The Eleven Supernova” which were analyzed by using descriptive method. The writer uses qualitative method because the research only qualifies or describes the phenomena of multiple violating maximmaxims. The researcher had two problem of this research : 1) what types of multiple violation that is done by Monkey D. Luffy and 2) the reason that is used by Monkey D. Luffy according to Chrisstoffersen’s classification.The research uses four steps to analyze the data, those are: reading the comic, categorizing the conversation which is included in multiple violation then classified the reason according to Chrisstoffersen classification and explanation about the multiple violation and its reason.

After analyzing the data, the writer found out that there were times where characters are being cooperative by following all the maxims and there were also times where the participants being uncooperative by violating the maxims. Monkey D. Luffy and other character produced 15 uncooperative utterances which were divided into 1) Violating maxim of Quality and Maxim of Quantity. 2) Violating maxim of Quality and Maxim of Relation 3) Violating maxim of Quantity and Maxim of Relation 4) Violating maxim of Quantity and Maxim of Manner 5) Violating maxim of Relation and Maxim of Manner. It happened because of many factors based on the Chrisstoffersen’s classification such as ; hide the truth, save face, feel jealous about something, statisfying the hearer, cheer the hearer, building one’s belief, convincing the hearer. Luffy often used hide the truth and convincing the hearer to be the reason to violate the maxim.

ABSTRAK

Anggraeni, Helena. 2016. The Multiple Violation of Conversational Maxim in One Piece Comic Vol.51 “The Eleven Supernovas”. Program Studi Sastra Inggris. Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora. Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

Dosen Pembimbing : Dr.Mohammad Kurjum. M.Ag

Kata Kunci : Cooperative Principle, Multiple Violating Maxim, Comic, One Piece Judul dari penelitian ini adalah “Gabungan pelanggaran maksim pada komik One Piece Vol. 51”Sebelas Supernova””. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan gabungan pelanggaran maksim. Peneliti menggunakan metode deksriptif kualitatif untuk menganalisa pelanggaran maksim pada komik One Piece Vol.51. Peneliti memasukkan dua pertanyaan dalam penelitian ini, 1) Tipe-tipe gabungan pelanggaran maksim yang digunakan Monkey D.Luffy pada komik ini. 2) alasan Monkey D.Luffy melakukan gabungan pelanggaran maksim menurut pengklasifikasian Chrisstoffersen. Peneliti menggunakan empat tahapan penganalisaan yaitu : membaca komik, mengkategorikan percakapan yang termasuk pelanggaran maksim, mengklasifikasikan alasan yang digunakan menurut Chrisstoffersen, menjelaskan tentang gabungan pelanggaran maksim dan alasannya.

Setelah menganalisa data, penulis menemukan mana tokoh yang mengikuti aturan maksim dan mana yang melanggar aturan maksim. Monkey D. Luffy dengan tokoh lainnya menghasilkan 15 percakapan yang melanggar maksim yang dibagi dalam 1) Pelanggaran maksim gabungan maksim kualitas dan maksim kuantitas. 2) Pelanggaran maksim gabungan maksim kualitas dan maksim hubungan. 3) Pelanggaran maksim gabungan maksim kuantitas dan maksim hubungan. 4) Pelanggaran maksim gabungan maksim kuantitas dan maksim cara. 5) Pelanggaran maksim gabungan maksim Hubungan dan maksim Cara. Itu terjadi berdasarkan alasan yang dikemukakan oleh Chrisstoffersen yaitu; menyembunyikan kebenaran, memalingkan muka, cemburu tentang sesuatu, memuaskan pendengar, menyenangkan pendengar, membangun sebuah kepercayaan, dan meyakinkan pendengar. Luffy paling sering menggunakan alasan menyembunyikan kebenaran dan meyakinkan pendengar dalam melakukan gabungan pelanggaran maksim.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Inside cover page ………. i

Inside title page ……… ii

Motto ……….. iii

Declaration Page ……… iv

Dedication Page ……… v

Thesis Advisor’s page . ……… vi

Thesis Examiner’s approval page . ……… vii

Acknowledge ……… viii

Table of Content ………... ix

Abstract ……….. xii

Abstrak ……… xiii

Chapter I introduction

……….

1

1.1.Background of study ……….. 1

1.2.Research Problem ………. 5

1.3.Objective of the study ……… 6

1.4.Scope and Limitation of the study ……… 6

1.5.Significance of the study ……….. 7

1.6.Definition of Key term ……….. 7

Chapter II Review of Literature

……….

8

2.1. Theoritical Framework ……… 8

2.1.1.Pragmatics ……… 8

2.1.2.Conversation ……….. 10

2.1.3.Cooperative Principle . ……… 10

2.1.3.1. Maxim of Quantity ……… 12

2.1.3.2. Maxim of Quality ………. 12

2.1.3.3. Maxim of Relation ……… 13

2.1.3.4. Maxim of Manner ………. 13

2.1.4.Maxim Violation ……… 14

2.1.4.1. Violating maxim of Quantity ……… 15

2.1.4.2. Violating maxim of Quality ……… 16

2.1.4.3. Violating Maxim of Relation ……… 16

2.1.4.4. Violating maxim of manner ……… 17

2.1.7.Comic ………. 21

2.2.Previous Study ………. 23

2.2.1.The Study of Sri Retno ……….. 23

2.2.2.The Study of Agus ………. 24

2.2.3.The Study of Journal of Liska et al ……… 26

Chapter III Research Method

……….

28

3.1.Research Design ……… 28

3.2.Technique of Data Collection ……… 29

3.2.1.Source of data ……… 29

3.2.2.Instrument ……… 29

3.2.3.Procedure ……… 30

3.3.Technique of Data Analysis ……… 30

Chapter IV Finding and Discussion

………

31

4.1. Finding ………..……… 31

4.1.1. Types of Multiple Violation ……… 33

4.1.1.1. Multiple Violation of Maxim of Quality and Maxim of Quantity 33 4.1.1.2. Multiple Violation of Maxim of Quality and Maxim of Relation 35

4.1.1.3. Multiple Violation of Maxim of Quantity and Maxim of Relation 41 4.1.1.4. Multiple Violation of Maxim of Quantity and Maxim of Manner 50 4.1.1.5. Multiple Violation of Maxim of Relation and Maxim of Manner 55 4.1.2.Chrisstoffersen’s classification ………. 57

4.2.Discussion ……… 63

Chapter V Conclusion and Suggestion

………..…….

65

5.1. Conclusion ……… 65

5.2. Suggestion ……… 66

References ……… 67

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents background of study, research problems, objectives of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of key terms.

1.1.Background of Study

Communication is one of the way by someone to express the feeling amd the way of people to communicate each other. There are two ways to communicate by written and spoken. In a written language, people communicate by using sentences. On the other hand, in spoken language, they communicate by using utterances. Speakers use a language to communicate and exchange their thoughts, ideas, feelings, knowledge and assumption. In the communication, they use words or sentences to send their messages, and expect the hearers to understand what they intend to mean. It is important for the speakers to understand that language use can determine the success of communication.The branch of linguistics are semantics, phonetics, morphology, phonology, syntactic, stylistics, and pragmatics. The Researcher focused on the pragmatics particulary on the cooperative principle.

According to Richards et al (1992 : p284-285)

Pragmatics is the study of the use of language in communication, particularly the relationships between sentences and contexts and situations in which they are used. Pragmatics includes the study of how the interpretation and the use of utterances demands on knowledge of the real world, how speakers

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use and understand speech act, and how the structure of sentences is influenced by the relationship between the speaker and the hearer.”

The main purposed to get a good communication is considered the exchange of information. Cooperative principle is as a guideline for the efficient and effective use of language in conversation to further cooperative ends. Cooperative principle is one of the most important ideas on pragmatics and it is an interesting topics to be analyzed. Cooperative principle is to arrange the attitude and utterance in order to make the make conversation coherent. The cooperative principle encompasses maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relevance, and maxim of manner.

H.P.Grice is one of the linguists who introduces cooperative principle. Grice first introduced the Cooperative Principle and it was explained in conversational implicature at his article, “Logic and Conversation (1975)” in Asropit (2012 : 6). He argued that generation and perception of these implicatures are based on the following principle: “Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which is occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged” (Grice, 1975:48). Easily, cooperative principle tries to make the explicit certain rational thinking by observing the people conversation.

Grice argued that people communicate with others in a logical and rational way, then the people conversation was included into cooperation. He argued, this habit would never be lost, because it had been learned during their childhood. Audience/listener understands the implication of a speaker’s opinion/thoughts by

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drawing on an assumption of contextual information and background knowledge. People sometimes violate maxims of cooperative principles for various purposes. For example, speakers give too much or little information which is required by hearers. However, since hearers can make assumption from the speakers’ utterances, they are able to understand speakers’ message. In the real world, people talk to each other without obeying the maxims.

In his theory, Grice made a distinction between saying and meaning. He argued that speakers can create the implicit meanings and their audiences can infer these intended meaning from their conversations. He believed that people follow certain patterns in their interactions and claimed that listeners know that a speaker’s utterance contains enough information, and it is relevant. When it patently violates this thinking, we understand that meaning. Therefore, violation of relevance does not mean a lack of cooperation.

Grice’s Maxims which have purpose to explain the processes implication inside of his thinking, Grice also (1975) showed the following maxims:

Quality: speaker tells the truth or provable by adequate evidence Quantity: speaker is as informative as required

Relation: response is relevant to topic of discussion

Manner: speaker avoids ambiguity or obscurity, is direct and straight forward.

These maxims do not determine how one should talk, but explain the listeners’ assumptions. It is focused on the way how the speakers talk and do not all the conversation that can follow the rule of the maxims.

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Those why, there are five majors to fail observe to maxim itself. Those are Flouting, Violating, Infringing, Opting out and Suspending. In this research, the researcher focused on the second major, that is violating. Violating maxim, according to Grice (1975:50), takes place when speakers intentionally refrain to apply certain maxims in their conversation to cause misunderstanding on their participants’ part or to achieve some other purposes. As the example :

Sarah : “Did you enjoy the party last night?”

Anna : “There was plenty of oriental food on the table, lost of flowers all of the place, people hanging around chatting with each other.”

In this conversation, sarah asked a simple question but Anna’s answered with the long answer and Anna was extended description about what was happened in the party last night. Two interpretations could be made from Anna’s description. First, Anna had such a good time in the party that she was obviously too excited and had no idea where to began. Second, Anna had such a terrible time and she does not know how to complain about it. In this case, Anna got a multiple violation. A multiple violation occurs when the speaker violates maxim more than one at the same time. From this example Anna is not only ambiguous which is violating maxim of manner but also verbose which is violating maxim of quantity at the same time.

The researcher analyzes the utterance in form “turn and taking” between the characters in One Piece comic “The Eleven Supernovas”. After understanding the theory of violating conversational maxim. The researcher is interested to take this field as her research because we often apply this way in our daily life including in

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comic One Piece volume 51 “The Eleven Supernovas”. Comic is one of the types of the book that is the easiest to be understood by reading and pay attention to the drawing. According to oxford page 83 “comic strip is Series of drawing that tell a story and are often printed in newspaper”. Comic uses the direct conversation but it is in writing.

The researcher had the different discussion or analysis. The researcher focused on the violating maxim and the reason. The researcher used violating maxim to analyzed it. A lot of thesis using comic as their object but they analyzed using flouting maxim, the researcher also used comic as the object but the researcher used multiple violation as the problem which had different analysis. Comic is one of the visual media which can be the effective learning to make the reader to be more creative, because in comic there are illustration of the picture about the story which is told. Comic also used the easy language so the reader will not be bored to read and study about conversational maxim and its violation.

The researcher chose One Piece “The Eleven Supernovas” because One Piece was one of the well-known manga in Japan and the best-seller manga which was written by Eiichiro Oda. It was also a funny story but serious. One Piece was a comic which had their own world in the story and almost all of the character always violated the maxim when they made a conversation.

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1.2.Research problems

1.2.1. What are the types of multiple violation maxim in One Piece’s comic “The Eleven Supernovas”?

1.2.2. What are the reasons to do the multiple violation in One Piece’s comic “The Eleven Supernovas”?

1.3.Objective of the study

1.3.1. To identify the types of multiple violation maxim that is happened in One Piece’s comic “The Eleven Supernovas”.

1.3.2. To identify the reason why the characters do the multiple violation maxim in One Piece’s comic “The Eleven Supernovas”.

1.4.Scope and Limitation of the study

The Researcher focused in the multiple violation of cooperative principle (maxims) and its reason why Monkey D.Luffy did it in the conversation in One Piece comic “The Eleven Supernovas”. There are four maxims in cooperative principle. Those were maxim of quality, maxim of quantity, maxim of relevance, and maxim of manner. This research wanted to show how the multiple violation was happened in the conversation between Monkey D. Luffy and other character in One Piece comic and why it can be happened. The researcher focused on the multiple violation with two violation which was happened at the same time. The data were the conversation utterances in form of turn and taking between Monkey D. Luffy and other character which did multiple violation. To analyze the data, the researcher looked at the context to get the utterance from the form of turn and taking and the reason why they did multiple violation.

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1.5.Significance of study

It is hoped that the result of this research can be a valuable contribution to anybody who reads this study. It is expected that by reading this thesis, someone will pay attention to the cooperative principle of the conversation. By paying attention and following the cooperative principle, the reader distinguish the violation of the maxims and they can make a successful conversation. This research can give the additional information to the reader about cooperative principle, especially in maxim and its violation.

1.6.Definition of Key Term a. Cooperative principle

Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged (Grice, 1989:26).

b. Multiple Violating maxim

Two or more violating maxim which is done by someone at the same time. c. Comic book

Comic with a short story which consists of 32 pages, 48 ages or even 64 pages in each series, usually love story heroic humor and others.

d. One Piece

A Japanese anime and manga about a group of pirates which the captain is Monkey D. Luffy who goes to get a legend treasure called one piece.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

This Chapter presents a brief overview on the theory of cooperative principle by H.P.Grice, followed by its maxim and the explanation of conversational analysis, context, maxim and its violation. In addition, the researcher presents some previous studies of this field.

2.1. Theorirical Framework 2.1.1.Pragmatics

The study of how speaker and hearer gives proper contribution in conversation is called Pragmatics. Levinson (1983 : 9) gives definition that pragmatic is the study of those relation between language and context that are grammaticalized, or encoded in the structure of a language. It means that pragmatic has a relation with the grammar, because what we will say we have to say it grammatically correct. The researcher uses pragmatics in this research because we learn how to make a good relation of utterance between the speaker and hearer so both of them can interpret the meaning and understand what the speaker says in a correct grammar. Besides, pragmatic is a systematic way of explaining tha language use in context.

Pragmatics explores the relationship between meaning, context, and communication. There are two key concepts in this area of investigation. These are speaker meaning and cooperative principles. Speakers sometimes has mean more than what they literally say. What they say also has an illocutionary

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or speaker meaning. In order for a person to interpret what we say, the philosopher Paul Grice, in his article “Logic and Conversation” (1975), argues “some kind of cooperative principles must be assumed to be in operation. Sub -categories of Pragmatics: Speech act Theory, Felicity Conditions, Conversational Implicature, The Cooperative Principle, Conversational Maxims, Relevance, Politeness, Phatic Tokens, Deixis”. According to Leech (1993: 13-14) describes the aspect of speech situation as follows:

1. Addresser, the speaker or writer who provides the utterance.

2. Addressee, the hearer or reader who is the recipient of the utterance. 3. Topic, it is what is being talk about.

4. Setting, in term of place and time where the event and in term also of posture, gesture and expressions.

5. Channel, how participants maintain contact between them (by speech, writing, singing).

6. Code, what language or dialect or style of language is being used.

7. Message from; it can be love-letter, sonnet, fairy-tale, chat, debate, sermon, etc.

8. Event, such as church service, etc.

Based on the definitions above, the reseracher can say that pragmatics is a part of linguistics that focuses on the study of language usage. In linguistics, language and context has an important connection to make the communication

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easy to understand. Beside that, speech situation is also a significant thing that the hearer or speaker must understand to be successful in communication.

2.1.2. Conversation

Conversation is a cooperative activity in the form of communicative interaction. People interact with other person to exchange information. When the communicative interaction happens, at least there are two participants involved in it. They are the speaker and interlocutor who exchange information with each other.

In conversation, participants have a turn to speak in the conversation, it is called turn – taking. The participants need to have a sense of when to speak or keep silent (and to develop a mutual tolerance). When the speakers speak to the interlocutors, they must speak clearly in order to make the interlocutor understand what they have said. Speakers should know how to start and end the conversation. Conversational opening is the strategies, which are used by a person to begin a conversation

2.1.3.Cooperative Principle

The general overarching guideline for conversation is often called the cooperative principle (CP). This principle arranges the attitude in order to make the conversation is coherence. According to Grice in Yule (1996:37). “In the cooperative principle the participants of the conversation should make their contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or directi on of the talk exchange in which you are engaged.”

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CP that Grice introduces has the general name of the CP and consist of four principles. Those are the maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation, and the maxim of manner.The CP is needed in conversation to make a successful conversation. If one of the maxims is violated by some utterances of the speakers and yet the hearers are still assuming that speakers are cooperating with the hearers in communication. The hearers can take the violation as a sign that something is being said indirectly.

Grice (1975) is concerned with the relationship between logic and conversation (in fact, “Logic and Conversation” is the title of the paper). As Grice explains, natural language utterances do not seem to convey the same meaning that correspond logical propositions.“It is common place of philosophical logic that there are, or appear to be, divergences in meaning between, on the one hand, at least some of what I shall call the formal devices, on the other what are taken to be their analogs or counterpart in natural language-such expressions.” Grice proposes a general principle which participants will be expected to observe; “Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged. “This principle is labeled “the Cooperative Principle” and it consists of four more specific maxims. Those maxim is explained as follows :

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2.1.3.1. Maxim of Quantity

Maxim of Quantity is related to quantity of providing the information. It is the maxim which leads to make the contribution in conversation as informative as required. It is divided into two sub maxim, which Leech (1983 : 8) expresses as follows :

1. Make your contribution as informative as is required (for the current purpose of the exchange).

2. Do not make your contribution more informative than is required. Example :

A : “What are you studying?” B : “I am studying English.”

In this utterances, the answer of B is informative for the question which asks by A. when A asks about the subject of the lesson, B’s answer “English”. It is enough because the message is delivered.

2.1.3.2. Maxim of Quality

Maxim of quality is related to the truth-value of the utterance. It is focused on the quality of information that is given by the speaker. The speaker should try to make the contribution be true. Grice (1975) suggested three sub maxims as follows :

1. Try to make your contribution one that is true. 2. Do not say what you believe to be false.

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Example :

Teacher : “Why do you come late?”

Student : “I’m sorry mam. The motorcycle was broken down.”

In this case, student gives the truth that his motorcycle was broken down so that he come late.

2.1.3.3. Maxim of Relation

Maxim of relation is related to correlation between one utterances and other utterance. Speakers’ contribution should relate clearly to the purpose of the exchange, it should be relevant. The maxim of relation requires being relevant to the context and situation in which the utterance occurs (Thomas, 1995 : 70)

Example :

A : “Ouch, my head is dizzy”

B : “I will accompany you to see a doctor.”

In this case, B’s response has relation with the statement that is said by A. A complains her headache, whereas B hears A’s utterance and B expresses his utterance which in relevant with A’s utterance.

2.1.3.4. Maxim of Manner

Maxim of manner is related to the way the utterances that produced.speakers and hearers have to be obvious in giving contribution in a communication exchange. They also have to complete their performance with reasonable dispatch. According to Leech (1983:8) We should be “perspicuous” and spesificaly :

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1. Avoid obscurity of expression 2. Avoid ambiguity

3. Be brief (avoid unnecessary proxility) 4. Be orderly

It means the utterance that is conveyed must be clear. There are two kinds of clarity, those are clear text and clear message. Clear text is constructed by syntax and phonology of the language. Then, the clear message is when the sense of illocutionary goal conveyed is understandable.

Example :

A : “Where is my pensilcase?”

B : “It is on the table in your bedroom.”

In this case B’s answer is constructed by clear syntax and the message that is conveyed does not make ambiguous. So that utterance is clear text and message.

2.1.4.Maxim Violation

Violation is defined as the unostentatious or ‘quiet’ non-observance of a maxim. A Speaker who violates a maxim ‘will be liable to mislead’ (Grice 1975: 49). Violating a maxim is quite the opposite of flouting a maxim. Violating a maxim rather prevents or at least discourages the hearer from seeking for implicatures and rather encourages their taking utterances at face value. According to Grice (1975) in Khosravizadeh and Sadehvandi (2011:122) violation takes place when speakers intentionally refrain to apply certain maxims in their conversation to cause misunderstanding on their participants’ part or to achieve some other purposes.

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Grice (1975:45) in Tupan and Natalia (2008:68) gives the criteria of violation of maxim used as distinguished guedlines. Here are the guedlines :

2.1.4.1. Violating Maxim of Quantity

a. If the speakers does circumlocution or not to the point b. If the speakers in uninformative

c. If the speakers talks too much d. If the speakers talks too short

e. If the speakers repeats certain words

As the example cited in William, et al (1987:302) : Marry’s friend : “Where is Marry?”

Lucy : “I think she has moved in the South of England or something. (the case : know where is the address of Mary but Mary does not want to meet her again)”

In the exsample above, Lucy is not being untruthful since she has said nothing false, but by giving less information than is appropriate. Lucy is violating Maxim of Quantity and hence being misleading. She talks too short about the address. Marry’s friend asks to lucy the address but lucy does not answer with the complete address because lucy knows that marry’s friend will come to marry’s home.

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2.1.4.2. Violating Maxim of Quality

a. If the speaker lies or says something that is believed to be false b. If the speaker does irony or makes ironic and sarcastic statement c. If the speaker denies something

d. If the speaker distorts information.

As the example by Khosravizadeh and Sadehvandi (2011:122-123) of violating maxim of quality :

Mother : “Did you study all day long?” Son : “Yes, I’ve been studying till know!”

(son who has been playing all day long)

In the example above, the son was untruthful and violated the maxim of Quality He was lied to avoid unpleasant consequences such as; punishment or to be forced to study for the rest of the day. He distorsts the information which is the fact he does not study all day long and makes his mother believed that he studies all day long.

2.1.4.3. Violating Maxim of Relation

a. If the speaker makes the conversation unmatched with the topic b. If the speaker changes conversation topic abruptly

c. If the speaker avoids talking about something d. If the speaker hides something or hides a fact e. If the speaker does the wrong causality

One of the examples of the violation shows as follow : Teacher : “Have you finished that essay yet?”

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Student : “It’s been raining a lot lately, hasn’t it?”

From the example above, the student violate maxim of Relation by not responding in a relevant way. On the other hand, by giving this response the student signal to the teacher that he want to move away from the topic of conversation that has been raised. That is one of the clue that he is violating maxim of relation (by changing the topic)

2.1.4.4. Violating Maxim of Manner

a. If the speaker uses ambiguous language b. If the speaker exaggerates thing

c. If the speaker uses slang in front of people who do not understand it. d. If the speaker’s voice is not loud enough.

As the example by Khosravizadeh and Sadehvandi (2011:122-123) of violating maxim of Manner :

Sarah : “Did you enjoy the party last night?”

Anna : “There was plenty of oriental food on the table, lots of flower all over the place, people hanging around chatting with each other.” From the example above, Sarah asked a simply question but Anna answer’s is protacted description of what was going on in the party last night. There are two interpretation can be caught from Anna’s answer. 1. Anna had such a good time in the party that she is obviously too excited and has no idea where to begin. 2. Anaa had such a terrible time and she does not know how to complain about it. Anna gives the ambiguous answer, she has violated maxim of manner.

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In addition, the example above is a case of multiple violation. A multiple violation occurs when speakers violate more than one maxim simultaneously. In this case, Anna does not only violate maxim of manner but also violate maxim of quantity at the same time.

2.1.5.Context

Context is central understanding in interpreting the meaning. According to Paul Gee (2010:100)

Context is an important notion for understanding language-in-use and for understanding the nature of discourse analysis (which is, after all, the study of language-in-use). When we speak or write we never say all that we mean. Spelling everything out in words explicitly would take far too long. Speakers and writers rely on listeners and readers to use the context in which things are said and written to fill in meanings that are left unsaid, but assumed to be inferable from context.

In context, we require a consideration of how speaker organize what they want to say in accordance with who they are talking to, where, and when, and under what circumstance as cited in Yule (1996:3). Context is one of the important thing to understand what the people communicated. By knowing the context of their communication we will understand what they want or what they mean. People will not understand the communication if they do not know the context of the conversation or communication. As cited in Ningrum (2015:16) according to Paltride (2006:54) explains that cultural knowledge tends to say “what they know about the world, what they know about various areas of life, what they know about each other and what they know about the norms and expectation of particular discourse community in which the communication is taking place”. In this case, context is very necessary in cooperative principle to

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communicate. A good communication will be happened If you comprehend four sub maxims in your communication.Gricean approaches to conversation focus on inference and belief ascription under assumption that speech is a cooperative engagement, subject to maxims of quality, quantity, relation and manner as quoted Mey (2009 : 199) in Muzaim (2015:12).

2.1.6.Chrisstoffersen’s Classification

In the real life when they have a communication or being communication. Many people tend to lie and break the rules of Grice’s Cooperative principle. When they lie in a communication, they also violate maxim and almost all of the violate maxim more than one that is called as multiple violation. They have some reasons to do it. According to Christoffersen (2005) in Tupan (2008:67) says that in real life situation, people tend to tell lies for different reasons. The following reasons will be used in the analysis to interpret the data. They are:

1. Hide the truth

Example : (John covers his real age to his sister’s friend whom he met at the party by telling her that they have the same age)

A : “I am twenty years old, and how old are you?” B : “Exactly the same.”

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2. Save face

Example: (Ann covers herself for being shoplifter in front of people) A : “What is in your bag? I think our bracelet is in it”

B : “I – I do not know what you are talking about. I do not have any bracelet. That alarm must be wrong.”

3. Feel jealous about something

Example: (Cindy lies to Jane that she doesn’t know Jim, the new student. Cindy actually likes him.)

A : “I know you talked to Jim, this morning. He is awesome. What do you think about him?”

B : “I don’t know what you are talking about.” 4. Satisfying the hearer

Example: (A conversation between a mother and her son) A : “Mom, how was I born?”

B : “Uhm… because God loves you so He sends you to me as a gift.” 5. Cheer the hearer

Example: (a wife asks her husband whether she looks OK with the purple blouse or not. Her husband who hates purple, cheers his wife by giving an answer thatis expected by his wife)

A : “Honey, does this color nice?”

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6. Avoiding to hurt the hearer

Example: (a mother of three years old boy wants to protect his son by telling that his father has gone overseas rather than saying that he died) A : “Mummy, where is Daddy?”

B : “Daddy has gone overseas because he wants to buy some toys for you.” 7. Building one’s belief

Example: (Joan asks her boyfriend whether he still remembers his ex girlfriend or not. Her boyfriend lies to her and makes her believe 100%) A : I wonder if you are still in love with your ex.

B : Of course not darling, you know you are the one in my heart. (Fact: he is still in love with his ex)

A : But how come you still keep her photo in your wallet?

B : That is not her; she is my cousin who looks like her. (Fact: that’s his ex’s photo)

8. Convincing the hearer

Example: (a part time clerk asks his friend to take his shift, but his friend refuses by creating a good reason)

A : Can you take my shift tonight?

B : I wish I could, but I have to take my daughter to the dentist.

2.1.7.Comic

We could find many conversation within comics, by uttering word by word, or even by uttering sentence by sentence. Conversation is involved people

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the hearer and the hearer gives the respond of what he hear from the speaker. It means that in communication sometimes the conversation runs well or does not at all. It can be happened if the speaker cannot explain the utterance clearly enough or a hearer does not seriously respond to what the speaker says by giving him any kind of speech act which is meant by the speaker.

From the case, the conversation within comics has to regard to the rules of conversation, so the conversation will be cooperative, affective and get the goal of communication. The principle or rules which is used in communication is cooperative principle of Grice or can be called as Gricean’s maxim. The speaker which does not obey the rule or does not follow the Gricean’s maxim called as violated maxim.

A comic frequently takes the form of juxtaposed sequence of panels of picture or a series of pictures used to tell a story. Sometimes, they may be paired with words, to create dialog or explain something. Comics also called an artistic medium in which images incorporate text or other visual forms of information in order to express a narrative or idea (Arthanti, 2013:36)

Comics consist of any kinds, such as ; comic book which is normally thin in size and stapled together. Comic books are also capable of more sophisticated layouts and composition as cited from Duncan, et al (2009:6). Comic book is called as a comic with a short story which consists of 32 pages, 48 pages or even 64 pages in each series, usually love story, heroic, humor and others.

Comic books is divided into some types ; trade paperback, comic magazine, and graphic novel. The researcher uses comic magazine in this

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research. Comic magazine usually uses the thick paper as the cover and the pages is more thick, more than fifty (50) pages. Popular comic magazine include One Piece, Naruto, Tintin, and so on.

2.2. Previous Study

Violation of conversational maxim has been analyzed by many researchers in many different field and object. On this study, there are several researchers have done in the same area with the researcher of this paper. However, the focus of this research is different. The same studies are such as Sri Retno (2006) , Agus (2008), Liska, et al (2015)

2.2.1.The study of Sri Retno (2006)

Sri Retno (2006) from University of Sebelas Maret Surakarta uses Grice’s theory to analyze her research entitled “An analysis of humor types and Grice’s maxim in the situation comedy friends episode of “the one with that could have been” (a pragmatic approach”. Her study focused on humors as the deviation of the cooperative principle and its maxim. She used Grice’s theory to analyze four maxims that is used by the character in verbal humor in the film and combined with theory of humor by Anthony L. Audrieth. She described types humor and then determined which maxims were obeyed or disobeyed to create a humor. She classified the humor utterance then described it. After that, she analyzed through Grice’s theory.

She uses descriptive qualitative approach to analyze the data. The data were all the humor utterances, which were able to arouse laughter from the

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audiences that had significant relationship with the problem statement. From forty data available, there were thirty data, which were analyzed since they had the same characteristics with the types of humor used, and the other ten were excluded from this research. They were classified by using Audrieth’s humor theory and further analyzed by the theory of maxims proposed by Grice. The result of her research revealed that there were eight types of humor which could be found in this episode. They were Banter, Blunder, Chain, Freudian Slip, Irony, Mistaken identity, Relapse and Repartee. Concerning with the maxims, it is found that the humors, which were used in every utterances, tend to disobey at least one of the maxims. The analysis of the maxims was conducted through the context of situation available in each data. She also found that there were three non-observances of the maxims, which were done by the characters in delivering the humor. They were flouting, violating, and infringing the maxims. The result of her research was expected to provide an additional view and information in the study of humor and its types for the students, lecturer, and other researchers who were interested in the study of humor.

Sri retno’s (2006) study focused on violating maxim, flouting maxim, and infringing the maxim to analyze the humor in film. It has differences with the researcher’s study. The researcher uses comic as the object and multiple violation is used to analyze the conversation. It has not found yet in this study.

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2.2.2.The Study of Agus (2008)

Agus Purwanto (2008) from State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya uses Grice’s theory to analyze his research entitled “:The Flouting of conversational maxims by the main character in Titanic movie”. His study

focused on the flouting of conversational maxim which was violated by the main character. The statements of problem that is used to analyze this data are the types of maxim that were flouted, the reason when the main character flouted the maxim and the consequences if they flouted the maxim.

After analyzing the data, he found that there were many maxims which were flouted by Jack and Rose in Titanic. he findings showed that the flouting of maxim relevance is mostly occurred in Jack’s and Rose’s utterances. He also found that there were many reasons which caused the main character flouted the maxims. Furthermore, according to him, the communication could still run smoothly even thought the main characters flouted the maxims. The most frequent reason used for flouting the maxim of relevance, the most reason employed by the addressee for flouting the maxim of quantity. Next to be sarcastic was the most common reason why the addressor flouted the maxim of quality. Finally, the addressor flouted the maxim of manner over flow the main characters feeling.

Agus purwanto’s (2008) study is focused on the main character which is flouted maxim and the reason why they are flouted. The researcher has the same thing with his study. The researcher only uses the main character to be analyzed. But, It also has differences with the researcher’s study. The researcher uses main

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character in the comic as the object and multiple violation is used to analyze the conversation and the reason why they are violated the maxim. It has not found yet in this study.

2.2.3.Journal of Liska, et al (2015)

Liska Mahdalena, Zuli Laili Insani, and Merri Silvia Basri in 2015, the students of teacher training and education faculty of Riau university analyze a comic using Grice’s theory which is entitled ”The flouting of cooperative principle of quantity maxim in detective conan comic vol. 65-67 by Aoyama Gosho”. Their research aims at finding out the type of flouting of quantity maxim in Detective Conan comic which volume from 65 to 67 by Aoyama Gosho. Furthermore, they tried to find the influence of flouting or success communication. The theory used in this study is the cooperative principle that introduced by Grice (1975). The research design applied in this study is a desrciptive qualitative research method since the data are words and utterances instead. The data are 8 conversational fragments in Detetective Conan comic which flouting of quantity maxim. Based on Grice theory and also understanding on Leech‟s explains about the flouting of maxim (1983), and finding the results are as follow: (1) has found 3 datas of flouting which strong-weak proposition, 2 datas which contain yes-no questions, 1 data which retisence, and 2 datas that utterances are more informative than is required (2) he flouting influence is not always cause the communication breakdown. In other words, in some cases, the communication purpose become achievement even though maxims are flouted.

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Their study had the differences with this research.The object of this research was comic. The researcher used multiple violation to analyze the conversation and looked for the reason why he was flouted the maxim using Cristoffersen’s theory. It had not been found yet in this study.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter presents the method that the researcher used for this study. It includes research design, data source, data, data collection, research instrument, and data analysis

3.1.Research design

This study applied a descriptive qualitative approach. Qualitative tends to eliminate the number and gains the words of the reason. As neuman (2007:85) in his book Basic of Social Research, “Qualitative research often rely on interpretive or critical social science, follow a non linear research, path, and speak a language of cases and contexts.” According to Cresswell (1994:1) in Arthanti (2013:38) in research design Qualitative and Quantitative approach, qualitative method is defined as inquiry process of understanding a social human problem based on building complex, holistic picture, that is formed with word, reporting detailed viewed informants, and conducted in natural setting”. In this study, the researcher did not put numeric data because there was no question about how many and how much in the statement of problem. The researcher described the answer statements of the problem.

The researcher presented description about multiple violation maxim and the reason in this study. The researcher described by her own interpretation and the researcher also used theory of cooperative principle and classification of lay

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that is used to do multiple violation maxim. The theory of cooperative principle using Grice’s theory, and classified the reason to do it using Christoffersen’s theory to collaborate with her own interpretation.

3.2.Technique of Data Collection

There are three points in technique of data collection. Those are source of data, instrument and procedure. The kinds of technique of data collection explained below.

3.2.1.Source of data

The source of data were One Piece comic vol. 51 “The Eleven Supernovas”. One Piece comic was created by Eiichiro oda. One piece comic was published in Japan in 1997. The data of this study was taken from Monkey D. Luffy who is the main character that most does multiple violation maxim in the communication of the comic.

3.2.2.Instrument

In this research, the researcher is the main instrument for analyzing the data. She did observation in One Piece comic. A deep observation in every utterance by Monkey D. Luffy in the comic was used to collect the main focus in multiple violation of maxim. Below are the tools which were needed to be used : 1. Internet : to support the researcher to get the comic and browsed some related

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2. Laptop : to support the researcher to write a report file.

The researcher collected the data by reading One Piece comic. The data was Monkey D. Luffy’s utterance in the comic.

3.2.3.Procedure

The researcher used three steps to collect the data, they were :

1. The researcher searched the comic of One Piece Vol.51 from http://animerulezz.org/?ttl=&t=Download/view&p=AnimeManga/One%20Piec e/Manga&lang=en access on May, 10th 2016.

2. The researcher read the comic 3. The researcher analyze the data

3.4. Technique of Data Analysis

There were severeal steps to analyze the data, the steps were : 1. The researcher read the comic in several times.

2. The researcher did observation in the utterance of Monkey D. Luffy to see the main focus of his multiple violation of maxim.

3. The researcher classified the utterance and categorized it by Grice’s theory to see which utterance include in multiple violating maxim, such as : maxim of quality, maxim of quantity, maxim of relation, and maxim of manner.

4. The researcher classified based on classification of lie by christoffersen. He classified based on hide truth, save face, fell jealous, satisfy the hearer, avoid hurting the hearer, building one’s belief and convincing the hearer.

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6. The researcher gave explanation about the reason based on Chrisstoffersen classification.

CHAPTER IV

FINDING AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the finding based on the questions. It shows the kinds of multiple violation which is violated by Monkey. D. Luffy. The first is to answer types of multiple violation of conversational maxims. The second is to answer the reason of violating maxim by Monkey D. Luffy.

4.1.Finding

In the One Piece comic Volume 51 “The Eleven Supernovas”. There were 15 utterances in the form of Turn-taking between Monkey D. Luffy and other character. In the data description, the reasercher tabulated the data as below :

Table 4.1. Grice’s maxim multiple violation

No Violation f f%

1 Maxim of Quality and Maxim of Quantity 1 7%

2 Maxim of Quality and Maxim of Relation 3 20%

3 Maxim of Quantity and Maxim of Relation 6 40%

4 Maxim of Quantity and Maxim of Manner 3 20%

5 Maxim of Relation and Maxim of Manner 2 13%

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The table showed that the multiple violations which was often violated were “Violation Maxim of Quantity and Maxim of Relation” had 40%. “Violation maxim of Quality and Maxim of Relation” and “Violation Maxim of Quantity and Maxim of Manner”. Both of them has percentage 20%. “Violation Maxim of Relation and Maxim of Manner” had 13% of the data. “Violation Maxim of Quality and Maxim of Quantity” had 7% of the data. The overall data which are counted as multiple violations are 15 data.

There are five types of multiple violation of conversational maxim that utters by Luffy in One Piece Comic Volume 51. By five types of multiple violation of conversational maxim, it consisted of fifteen utterances that violate the maxim. The detail explained reveals in findings. It also reveals the data about the reason of doing violating maxim that utter by Luffy.

The detail discussion on each of the multiple violation was provided in the following section. Some Excerpt were included in order to give clear description of each multiple violation. First, the researcher explain and describe each multiple violation that is done by Luffy, and second the researcher will give an explanation about the reason why Luffy does the violation.

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4.1.1. Types of Multiple Violation

4.1.1.1. Multiple violation of Maxim of Quality and Maxim of Quantity The researcher finds an utterance that do multiple violation maxim of Quality and Maxim of Quantity.

Picture 4.8 Excerpt 8

This excerpt is taken from picture 4.8

Duval : “I Apologize for all the trouble I have caused!!! Would that we had met under more pleasant circumstances!!!

Now, Let us away !!! My “Rosy life riders”!!!” Luffy : “Yes, Handsome!!! Hurry up and Go…”

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Duval who had lost from Luffy at the first, now he had a new face which was made by Sanji. Sanji made over Duval’s face because he realized about the face if Duval which was almost same with him. He made over Duval in order to made Duval had a different face like an illustration which he had to deceive the enemy, but when he knew Duval’s face was almost same he directly made over Duval’s face. Now Duval came back after his lost, he wanted to get the flying fish anymore by giving a help. He wanted to get Hacchin and the genks. He had changed his group became Rosy Life Riders. He came to Luffy and be an arrogant person who offered a helping to them. This conversation was happened between Duval and Luffy. Luffy violated maxim more than one which was called as multiple violation.

Luffy violated maxim of Quality and Maxim of Quantity. He violated maxim of Quality because he lied. Luffy answered “Yes Handsome !! Hurry up and Go…” in order He says that duval was handsome is only to make duval go away as fast as possible. He said “Yes Handsome!!” but actually Luffy did not want to admit that Duval was handsome. He did not want Duval exaggerates his face which was not too handsome as he said. He said it to make Duval statisfy and convidence that he was as handsome as he think.

Luffy also violated maxim of Quantity because he gave the less answer. He did not answer as expected by duval. He only gave the short answer. In the conversation before, Duval has offered an offering to help them and gave his phone number. Maybe they would need helping of Duval. But Luffy did not anwer anything then Duval decided to go away and hoped that Luffy would say

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something that was expected by Duval. Duval expected if Luffy would accept his offering. His offering also used as a mocking to Luffy because he had been so handsome. Luffy answer “Hurry up and Go…”. That was too short answer. It was better if Luffy said “Hurry up and you an go away from this place”. It was more clear and informative. Then Duval would understand of what you have done. 4.1.1.2. Multiple violation of Maxim of Quality and Maxim of Relation

Picture 4.5 Excerpt 5

Sanji : “Shit !! I don’t remember a thing!! Who the hell are you!!” Luffy : “I …. Saw what’s under that mask …!!”

Sanji : “Really? Who the hell is he?”

Luffy : “I’ll show you right now !! don’t be surprised!! It’s a face you know too”

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Sanji : “me too?!” Luffy : “Oh Ahhh!!!”

In the battle between the group of Luffy and the group of Duval. Duval wanted to attacked Luffy’s group to make the flying fish back to his group. Sanji who helped Luffy to attack Duval wanted to know how was the face of Duval behind the mask. Luffy who had known the face of Duval tried to make Sanji believe that he had known, but Sanji still wanted to know and looked at by his own eyes. After Luffy opened the mask. Sanji was surprised because the face of Duval was almost same with him. Sanji ever made an illustration about his face to make the navy could not catch him. Unfortunately, the face of Duval was almost same with his illustration and he was so surprised.

This conversation was happened between Luffy and Sanji. In this conversation Luffy violated Maxim of Quality because he said about something that was denied something. In the situation on the next page sanji did not know that the face of duval is almost same with him. Luffy asks sanji to believed about what he said that sanji knew about the face but it was not. Sanji asked “Really? Who the hell is he?”. It showed that Sanji wanted Luffy to give him know about the boy. Luffy denied to give him know in order to make Sanji knew it by himself. By saying “I’ll show you right now!” it meant that Luffy did not want to give the name but asked Sanji to saw it and made Sanji was waiting for the information.

Luffy also violated maxim of Relation because Luffy was hiding a fact about who was the boy behind the mask. Sanji asked Luffy who was the boy but Luffy answered “I’ll show you right now…..” it did not match with the question. Sanji

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response. Luffy was hiding the fact at the first to make Sanji was surprised and knew the fact by himself

Picture 4.11 Excerpt 11

This excerpt is taken from picture 4.11

Shakuyaku : “But I’ve read the articles about the enies lobby incident. How much of it is true. I suppose the hoverment did pick a fight with you?” Luffy : “Ah Cmon. It’d be boring to go over it all.”

Luffy’s group arrived in Shakky’s Rip-off Bar. After they could pass to Grove 13. They asked about Rayleigh. Shakky informed about the pirates to Luffy’s group, she told about The Eleven Supernovas, a group of pirates rookie which had a cost 100.000.000 who arrived in the Sabaody’s island at the same

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time. Luffy told a lot with Shakky and they had a conversation in the table of the bar.

In this case, Luffy violated maxim of quality because he denied to talk about the incident and also the government. When Shakky told about the government, Luffy answered “Ah Cmon. It’d be boring to go over it all.” Shakky wanted to get the response from Luffy about the incident by asking the question but she did not get the response as her expectation.

Luffy also violated maxim of relation because he avoided to talk about the incident. By changing the conversation, he denied and also avoided to talk about the unimportant thing for him. He says “ boring” it means that he does not want to talk about it and want to change the topic

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Excerpt 12

This excerpt is taken from picture 4.12

Shakuyaki : “Let's see... he's likely to be within Groves 1 to 29. After all, he's notorious enough himself; he couldn't let his guard down around Marines and if he’s not within there …. Anywhere else .. he does like the “Shanbondy park”.”

Luffy : “The Amusement park !! Let’s start there --- !!!”

Shakuyaki who was well-known as Shakky was a wife of Rayleigh. Rayleigh was a person who was looked for by Luffy’s group to help them pass the fish island. Fish island was a mysterious island in Shabondy. Shakky said that Luffy had to look him for in the Shanbondy park , he would not go anywhere because the government was looking for him and Luffy was excited to go to the park.

This conversation was happened between Shakky and Luffy. Luffy violated maxim of Quality and maxim of Relation. In this case, he violated maxim of Quality because he denied to talk about his grandfather who was talking by Shakky before. By saying “Let’s start there” could be the sign that he did not want to talk it more. He did not want to go to park as soon as possible to cut the conversation about.

He also violated maxim of Relation because he changed the topic and his response about Shakky’s statement was unmatch. Luffy answered “The amusement park”. That was unmatched because Shakky told about Shabondy park to find him, but Luffy thought that he could play and had an enjoyable thing there and forget about his mission to finf Rayleigh.

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4.1.1.3. Multiple violation of Maxim of Quantity and Maxim of Relation There are three utterances that is found in this comic which is Luffy violates maxim of Quantity and Maxim of Relation at the same time in one statement.

Picture 4.1 Excerpt 1

This excerpt is taken from picture 4.1

Sanji : “I’ve definitely heard that voice before ….. and that silhouette … Nami, what do you think?”

Nami : “Mmmm…… There’s something very suspicious … about him …” Luffy : “Whassat?”

The adventure was begun by battle with the flying fish. Luffy’s group was attacked by Duval. Duval was a captain of Flying fish. Duval caught Hacchin as a

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resistance in flying fish’s group. Hacchin’s friend such as Pappug and Camie tried to find a help which could lose Hacchin. Luffy’s group came to help although at the first they were hesistant. This conversation was happened between Luffy, Nami and Sanji.

In this case Luffy violated maxim of Quantity and Maxim of Relation. Sanji and Nami were talking about the thing which happened to hacchin. How could be hacchin become the black one. Sanji tried to response and think that the silhouette and the voice he knew before then he asked to Nami. Name responsed by giving a statement that she was suspicious about him, but Luffy gave the uninformative response by asking back “wassat?”. to Nami about what they are talking about and give too short answer that was unclear.

Luffy violated maxim of Relation because his answer was unmatch with the statement that was given by Nami. His response liked he did not know anything about what they were talking about. But the fact he understood about what they said. “wassat?”signed that Luffy did not understand about what Nami and Sanji said about and it showed that he was confused about what was happened.

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Picture 4.2 Excerpt 2

This excerpt is taken from picture 4.2

Usop : “Interesting… You’ve been through quite a lot ….”

Luffy : “so wait, that takoyaki-seller “hacchin” was you all day along? That crazy octo-wachi from arlong’s crew-?!! Like well we’d come and save a guy like you, dumbass!!!”

Hacchin who was locked by Duval asked helping and Pappug asked Luffy to help them. There was a pirates which was become a criminal. Luffy’s group thought that the pirates had been caught by navy but it had not been happened and the criminal was Duval. Captain of Flying fish.

In this conversation, Luffy violated maxim of Quantity and maxim of Relation. Luffy said “so wait, that takoyaki seller “hacchin” was you all day

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along? That crazy octo-wachi from arlong’s crew-?!! Like well we’d come and save a guy like you, dumbass!!!”. He talked too much for responding the statement of usop and his response was uninformative and unclear. His response was like want to get something by not paying attention of what he said and what was expected as a respon for usop. By giving too much information it gives the lack of information that usop’s need.

Luffy violated maxim of manner, he said “That crazy octo-wachi from arlong’s crew-?!!” Luffy exaggerates about arlong’s group. Actually usop and other were talking Arlong as usual and nothing different. His group had to be caught but Luffy exaggerates by pointing octo as the followers of arlong’s group.

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Excerpt 9

This excerpt is taken from picture 4.9

Hacchani : “If you do anything to get yourself noticed. They’ll all be after you in an instant. … So I’d advise you to be careful.”

Luffy : “Sure.. hey when did you get that wound?”

Luffy and his group has arrived in a bubble island. Luffy wanted to go anywhere and he looked like so happy. Luffy was noticed by Hacchani to did not do an unimportant thing and he had to be careful.

This conversation happened between hacchani and Luffy. In this case Luffy violates maxim of Quantity. He only answer “sure” for the statement above it is too short although his anwered was suitable but his answered was too short. It was better if he said “sure, so do you” and give the uninformatife question that is out of the the topic that they are talking about. He tried to ask “hey when did you get that wound?” it was about the pain in hacchani’s head. It means that he tried to changes the topic indirectly from the conversation. It was called as violating maxim of relation. The question that he asked was unmatch with the topic before.

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Picture 4.7 Excerpt 7

This excerpt is taken from picture 4.7

Pappug : “I know, Right? Hacchin makes the best Takoyaki in the world, Right?”

Luffy : “I Can’tStop!! I Can’t stop eating this takoyaki is too good!!!” Sanji : “It certainly is good stuff… How does he get this depth of flavour into

the sauce?”

Usop : “There’s just something great about a food stall at sea, huh?” TonyTony: “MMMNHHHMNGHHNMMGHMWWHH!!”

Brook : “I admit, this is my first experiencing the wonders of takoyaki. It certainly is delicious~~~!!!”

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This conversation happened in a room which was used to eat by the people in the ship. Luffy, Sanji, Usop, TonyTony, and Brook were eating Takoyaki which was made by Hacchin. They felt that Takoyaki which is made by Hacchin was the best Takoyaki they ever ate. On the table they have a conversation. They talked about how Hacchin could cook a delicious Takoyaki. Hacchin served Takoyaki because they had helped Hacchin and the gank to be free form Duval. Duval was a criminal that always caught the flying fish. Sanji was one of the person who asked about Takoyaki. Takoyaki was one of the delicious food and made sanji ate a lot. Sanji asked “How does he get this depth of flavour into the sauce?” to Hacchin. But Hacchin did not respond of what he said.

Pappug said “I know, Right? Hacchin makes the best Takoyaki in the world, Right?”but Luffy answered with the unsuitable answer. Luffy answered “I Can’t Stop!! I Can’t stop eating this takoyaki is too good!!!” it violated maxim of relation and maxim of quantity. His asnwered did not have relation with what Pappug said. He also violated maxim of quantity because he said too much. He should answer ÿes or no” but he answered with the unsuitable answer.

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Picture 4.10 Excerpt 10

This excerpt is taken from picture 4.10 Usop : “Luffy.”

Luffy : “Run! A big guy’s coming!!”

Haccani : “A big Guy! Does he have an iron mask?” Luffy : “A cow! It’s that mask guy!! And a cow!!”

After the battle between Luffy and Duval. It conyinued to the next battle between Luffy and the Flying Fish. Luffy come to the base of sea. He found a big monster then he came to the land and ran as fast as he can. Hacchani asked to him and he did not pay attention to him. Usop called Luffy but Luffy answered with

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the unmatch answer. He answered “Run! A big guy’s coming!!”Luffy violated maxim of manner because his anwer was unmatch.

He also violated maxim of Quantity he talked too much. Usop only called him but Luffy answered with the short answered “Run! A big guy’s coming!!” without any explanation about what he said. He made his statement uninformative Excerpt 15

This excerpt is taken from picture 4.10 Usop : “Luffy.”

Luffy : “Run! A big guy’s coming!!”

Haccani : “A big Guy! Does he have an iron mask?” Luffy : “A cow! It’s that mask guy!! And a cow!!”

After the battle between Luffy and Duval. It continued to the next battle between Luffy and the Flying Fish. Luffy come to the base of sea. He found a big monster then he came to the land and ran as fast as he can. Hacchani asked to him and he did not pay attention to him.

Luffy violated maxim of quantity and maxim of relation because he talked too much. Haccani only asked “Does he have an iron mask?”. Luffy should answer “yes or no” but Luffy answered with the addition sentence which could make it uninformative. He also violated maxim of relation because it did not have any relevant with the question. The question asked about the mask but Luffy answered about the cow.

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4.1.1.4. Multiple violation of Maxim of Quantity and Maxim of Manner There are two utterances that was found in this comic which was Luffy violated maxim of Quantity and Maxim of Manner at the same time in one statement.

Picture 4.3 Excerpt 3

This excerpt is taken from picture 4.3 Nami : “It’s really great”

Hacchani : “really ?? really ??” Luffy : “Hmm !”

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This conversation happened in a room which was used to eat by the people in the ship. Luffy, Sanji, Usop, TonyTony, and Brook were eating Takoyaki which was made by Hacchin. They felt that Takoyaki which is made by Hacchin was the best Takoyaki they ever ate. On the table they have a conversation. They talked about how Hacchin could cook a delicious Takoyaki. Hacchin served Takoyaki because they had helped Hacchin and the gank to be free form Duval. Duval was a criminal that always caught the flying fish. Sanji was one of the person who asked about Takoyaki. Takoyaki was one of the delicious food and made sanji ate a lot. Nami praised Hacchin by saying “it’s really great!!” and Hacchin was so happy and asked to other how was their opinion about his Takoyaki.

In this case Luffy’s answer violated two multiple maxims at the same time, maxim of quantity and maxim of manner. Luffy violated maxim of relation because he gave the short answer “mmm” which was not clear. The short answer could not give the clear meaning of what he wanted to say or what he felt. The short answer was included into violating maxim of quantity. The short answer also made The hearer would not understanding with his answer. It could make the ambiguous interpreting for the hearer because his answer was too short. Luffy’s answer could interpret as a good or bad comment.

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Picture 4.13 Excerpt 13

This excerpt is taken from picture 4.13

Pappug : “you did it !?? Luffy-chin, you’re so strong!!” Luffy : “All right !! Like Hell I’d lose … to you guys !!”

Luffy defeated the enemy by the big Bazooka. Pappug and Luffy met a lot of hunter who wanted to hunt Luffy because Luffy was the second highest price. The people who could bring Luffy and Killed Luffy they would get 85.000.000 Barry. The situation was Luffy and Pappug were attacked by the pirates then Luffy could help them by the Bazooka. Pappug prided Luffy by saying “you did

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it!?? Luffy-chin, you’re so strong!!” but unfortunately Luffy’s answer was violating the maxim.

In this case Luffy violated maxim of Quantity and Maxim of Manner because Luffy gave the unimportant word, he talked too much and made his statement was uninformative. He said “All right !! Like Hell I’d lose … to you guys !!”. actually by answering “alright”was enough but Luffy exaggerates his power which could defeat the pirates hunter. His statement violated maxim of manner also because he exaggerates his word and he says like that because he has been praised by pappug.

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Excerpt 6

This excerpt is taken from picture 4.6

Shakuyaku : “When you first entered the grandline… you chose one of the five paths leading from the entrance, and you followed that log all the way here, I suppose?”

Luffy : “Yeah”

Shakuyaku and Luffy were talking about Rayleigh. Luffy had a planned to use Rayleigh to help them in Fish island. They also talked about the pirates hunter. Shaky said that the last she found eleven pirates hunter were died and there were a lot of pirates hunter who wanted to hunt the ten top highest price. One of them was Luffy. Luffy was the second highest price who could kill him. They would get 85.000.000 Barry.

Shakuyaku also explained about the rute which Luffy had to pass. She explained clearly “When you first entered the grandline… you chose one of the five paths leading from the entrance, and you followed that log all the way here, I suppose?” and explained about the place where Rayleigh lived, but Luffy answered “Yeah”. It could be meant a lot of meaning. It was too short answer. It violated maxim of quantity because he answered with the short answer although it was to the point. He should explained little answered or might be giving a short explanation if he understood of what Shakky said. He also violated maxim of manner because he gave the ambiguous answer. He knew or not about what Shakky said. “Yeah” could be meant understood or might be just want to get she explained more.

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4.1.1.5. Multiple violation of Maxim of Relation and Maxim of Manner The researcher finds an utterance that do multiple violation maxim of Quality and Maxim of Quantity.

Picture 4.4 Excerpt 4

This excerpt is taken from picture 4.4

Tansui and Gyaro : “We’re getting Cami back!!!” Luffy : “Come and Get her Flying fish !!!”

Cami : “Stretch “em --!! Go for it, Luffy Chi---n !!!”

Luffy defeated flying fishand also the captain of flying fish. The captain was Duval. Luffy could safe Nami from them and they wanted Nami back, but Luffy would not give her back and asked them to had a battle with Luffy. Luffy wanted

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the flying fish came and had a battle with him. Tansui and Gyaro said “We’re getting Cami back”.

Luffy in this case had to be answer with the suitable answer but unfortunately Luffy’s statement violated maxim of manner and maxim of relation because his statement could make the wrong causality and made the unexpected answer happened. “come and Get here Flying fish” could be meant that Luffy want them be the part of his group or maybe he could be have a battle. His statement could give the causality they came and took name back without having battle with Luffy.

His statement make his responser made an exaggerates statement and make an ambiguous statement. Like what had been said by Nami “Stretch em --!! Go for it, Luffy Chi---n !!!”. Nami exaggerates Luffy like her hero.

Excerpt 14

This Excerpt is taken from picture 4.8

Duval : “well, then young master and friends !! this is my den –den mushi number; accept it gracefully! Call me if ever you need a hand, and I shall do whatever is in my power!!!”

Luffy : “………”

Duval had been more handsome than before. After Luffy opened his mask and sanji was surprised because of his face. Duval came back

Luffy violates maxim of manner and maxim of relation. Because he does not answer anything statement. He does not give any response just keep silent and does not know about what he will do next. He gives a silent answer it means that his answer still give an ambiguity response that cannot be answered by other people.

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Liska, et al focused on the flouting maxim in one maxim, it is maxim of quantity in conan’s comic.

From the previous studies and this research, the researcher hoped this research gave contribution to develop our knowledge about linguistic especially in pragmatic field. Then, the researcher hoped after read this research the reader could understand well about the cooperative principle and its maxim. The reader who had read this research could avoid to do violation or even multiple violation in their daily conversation even spoken or written. Except they had certain reason to violate it in their communication because cooperative principle could be guidances to make our utterance understood by the listener.

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

This chapter presents the conclusion of the study from the findings and discussion in the previous chapter. It also offers some suggestions for further studies on the same issue of multiple violation of conversational maxim which derived by Grice

5.1. Conclusion

Based on the data analysis, the researcher found five types of multiple violation which was uttered by Luffy in One Piece Comic Volume 51. Those were violating Maxim of Quality and Maxim of Quantity, violating Maxim of Quality and Maxim of Relation, violating Maxim of Quantity and Maxim of Relation. Violating Maxim of Quantity and Maxim of Manner, the last violating Maxim of Manner and Maxim of Relation. There were fifteen utterances which was included in multiple violation. The dominant was multiple violating maxim of quantity and maxim of relation. It had six datas of violating. For others multiple violating maxim of quantity and maxim of manner and multiple multiple violating maxim of quality and maxim of relation got three datas on each violating. The next was violating maxim of relation and maxim of manner had two datas. The minimum was violating maxim of quality and maxim of quantity had one datafor multiple violating maxim of quality and maxim of quantity has one utterance that is happened in comic one Piece Volume 51.

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Furthermore, the researcher finds the reason of multiple violating maxim in One Piece Comic. There are seven types of reason to violate of maxims. Those are hide the truth, save face, feel jealous about something, statisfying the hearer, cheer the hearer, building one’s belief, convincing the hearer. Luffy often used hide the truth and convincing the hearer to be the reason to violate the maxim. 5.2.Suggestion

Violation of maxim is one of the disobeyed rule of cooperative principle. There are some suggestion fo further studies on the same field or same object or both.

1. It also uses the Grice’s theory in all character in the comic or other areas that suitable to be conducted.

2. The relevant theory to support the main theory is recommended, such as the purpose to violate the maxim and the cultural background.

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