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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES
2.1 Sociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics is defined as a study which connects language and society and how language has functions in communication of society. It is also studied about
human conduct. Dittmar in Wardhaugh 2006 : 19 argues that “speech behaviour and social behaviour are in a state of constant interaction and that ‘material living
conditions’ are an important factor in the relationship.” Sociolinguistics can help us understand why we speak differently in various social contexts, and help uncover the
social relationships in a community. Holmes in Adhalina 2011:6 says that sociolinguistics is an attempt to
explain the relationship between language and society, why we speak differently in different social contexts, so it is easy to identify the social function of language and
how language is used to convey social meaning such as relationships, situation, topic, and so on. Examining the way people use language in different social context
provides a lot of information about the way language works as well and about social relationship in a certain community.
Chambers in Wardhaugh 2006:19 states that “Sociolinguistics is the study of the social uses of language, and the most productive studies in the four decades of
sociolinguistic research have emanated from determining the social evaluation of linguistic variants.” It is often shocking to realize how extensively we may judge a
background, character, and intentions of a person based simply upon the language, dialect, or, in some instances, even the choice of a single word of him or her.
7 From all the definitions above about sociolinguistics, it can be concluded that
sociolinguistics is a study about the relationship of language and society. The way of performing communication, using style of language, and different word choice are
studied in sociolinguistics. That is why, the writer used sociolinguistics as a basic knowledge in analyzing language style in the movie which reflects the use of
language in real life in the society. According to Wardhaugh 2006 : 18 there are several possible relationships
between language and society. One is that social structure may either influence or determine linguistic structure andor behavior. Certain evidence may be adduced to
support this view: the age-grading phenomenon whereby young children speak differently from older children and, in turn, children speak differently from mature
adults; studies which show that the varieties of language that speakers use reflect such matters as their regional, social, or ethnic origin and possibly even their gender;
and other studies which show that particular ways of speaking, choices of words, and even rules for conversing are in fact highly determined by certain social
requirements. The basic notion underlying sociolinguistics is quite simple: Language use
symbolically represents fundamental dimensions of social behavior and human interaction. The notion is simple, but the ways in which language reflects behavior
can often be complex and subtle. Furthermore, the relationship between language and society affects a wide range of encounters-from broadly based international relations
to narrowly defined interpersonal relationships. www.pbs.orgspeakspeechsociolinguisticssocialbehavior,2005
Another approach to language and society focuses on the situations and uses of language as an activity in its own right. The study of language in its social context
8 tells us quite a bit about how we organize our social relationships within a particular
community.
2.2 Style of Language
Kategori