CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
B. Objective of the Study
This study investigated the effect of using Direct Method in teaching vocabulary at the first grade of Private Junior High School Muhammadiyah 44
Pamulang.
C. Place and Time of the Study
The writer did research at SMP Muhammadiyah 44 Pamulang. He conducted this research at the school from 26
th
of March 2007 to 31
st
of May 2007.
D. Research Method
This research is an experimental study in which the experimental class and the controlled class were treated by the teachers who has the same educational
background from State Islamic University in order to eliminate the bias. The writer told both of the teacher about the way of teaching and the lesson planning.
The treatment was done for ten meetings. After ten meetings the writer gave the test to both of the class.
E. Population and Sampling
The population of this research consists of three classes, namely class 7.1, class 7.2 and class 7.3. The sample of this research is 89 students, which is
divided into 2 classes, namely class 7.1 and class 7.3. The sample is taken by using Multi Stage Cluster Random Sampling.
F. Instrument
1. Conceptual Definition
Vocabulary is English words that are related to the meaning of the words and the way to use them in communication.
2. Operational Definition
Vocabulary is the result of students’ test about vocabulary consisting of jobs, fruits vegetables, stories and hobbies.
3. Specification
The instrument of this research is vocabulary test which consisting of 30 thirty questions. The test is divided into two test form; they are
multiple choices and matching tests. They are divided into three categories: easy 30, middle 60, and difficult 10. Multiple choices consist of
20 items from number 1 to number 20. It’s score per item is 4. It means if the students can choose the answer of 1 item correctly, they will get 4 score
and if they can choose the answer of 20 item correctly, they will get 80 scores.
Matching tests consist of 10 items from number 20 to number 30. It’s score per item is 2. It means if the students can choose the answer of 1 item
correctly. They will get 2 score and if they can choose the answer of 10 items correctly, they will get 20 scores.
From the description of each test form above, we can see that the high score of this test is 100 scores. The following table is the description of the
test:
Table 3.1 The description of the test items
NO VOCABULARY QUESTION
NUMBER TOTAL
Easy 30 1; 3; 6
Middle 60 2; 4; 5; 22; 25; 27
1 Job Difficult 10
10 10
Easy 30 16; 23
Middle 60 18; 19; 20; 30
2 Fruits Vegetables
Difficult 10 17
7 Easy 30
14; 21 Middle 60
9; 28; 29 3 Hobbies
Difficult 10 15
6 Easy 30
8; 7 4 Stories
Middle 60 12; 13; 24; 26
7 29
Difficult 10 11
30
Table 3.2 The Table of Spesification of the test items
No Indikator Ranah
Kognitif Nomor Soal
Jumlah
1 Mencocokkan gambar dengan kosa
kata yang tepat C1
1; 3; 6; 16; 23; 14; 21
7 2
Mengidentifikasi kosa kata berdasarkan bacaan
C1 7; 8
2 2
Menyimpulkan kosa kata berdasarkan pernyataan
C2 2; 4; 22; 25;
27; 28; 24; 26 8
3 Menggunakan kosa kata yang tepat
untuk melengkapi bacaan C3
18; 19; 20; 12; 13
5 5
Menguraikan pengertian pekerjaan C2
5 1
6 Merumuskan kosa kata sesuai
dengan uraian kalimat atau bacaan C4
10; 17; 15; 11 4
7 Menggeneralisasikan kosa kata
yang disebutkan C2 29;
30 2
8 Memilih kosa kata sesuai dengan
kelompoknya C3 9
1
Jumlah 30 4.
Calibration
The instrument was tried out to the students who are not selected to the sample on May 9
th
, 2007, namely class 7.2. The test is done to know the validity and the reliability of the instrument.
Table 3.2
Valid and invalid test
No Test
Number of the test Total
1 Valid
2,4,5,6,8,9,19,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30 17 items
2 Invalid 1,3,7,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,20
13 items
30 items
To know the analysis of the reliability of the test, look at the appendix of the reliability of the test.
G. Techniques of Analyzing the Data
Data analysis is the last step in the procedure of experiment, in this case, processing the data. Data processing is the step to know the result of both the
experimental class and the controlled class and also their differences. To find out the differences of student’s score in using the Direct Method in
teaching vocabulary compared to the students’ score that used the Grammar Translation Method in teaching vocabulary, the writer uses t-test.
Before using the t-test formula, the writer has to seek the differences of mean variables by using formula as follows:
and And after getting mean variables, the writer has to seek the standard of
deviation of variable and standard error mean of variables by using formula as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The next step is seeking the standard error mean difference of variables by using formula as follows:
N fx
i M
M
∑
+ =
1
N fy
i M
M
∑
+ =
2
1
1 1
− =
N SD
SE
M
1
2 2
− =
N SD
SE
M
2 2
2 1
2 1
M M
M M
SE SE
SE +
=
− 2
2 2
1
N fx
N fx
i SD
∑ ∑
− =
2 2
2 2
N fy
N fy
i SD
∑ ∑
− =
Then the last step is determining t-test by using formula:
2 1
2 1
M M
o
SE M
M t
−
− =
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS
D. Data Description
To know the result of the test, the writer makes the table of student’s score for each class as follows:
Table 4.1 The Test Scores of the Experimental Class Students
Student Score Student
Score Student
Score
1 80
16 80
31 92
2
66
17
88
32
92
3 70
18 84
33 84
4
54
19
60
34
84
5 84
20 92
35 72
6
76
21
96
36
80
7 72
22 88
37 92
8 84
23 88
38 88
9 80
24 84
39 84
10 56
25 84
40 88
11
80
26
72
41
92
12 84
27 84
42 72
13
84
28
84
43
84
14 88
29 80
44 80
15
88
30
80
45
82
Score f
92 – 96 87 – 91
82 – 86 77 – 81
72 – 76 67 – 71
62 – 66 57 – 61
52 - 56 6
7 14
8 5
2 1
2
45 = N
1
33
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