INTRODUCTION A TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF VERB PHRASE FOUND IN LINGUISTICS ACROSS CULTURES A Translation Analysis Of Verb Phrase Found In Linguistics Across Cultures Into Linguistik Di Pelbagai Budaya.
dari bahasa ibu dengan satu dialek spesifik dari bahasa asing.
From the verb phrase to compare is translated into verb membandingkan. In this process of translation, shift occurs from verb
phrase into verb. In case is truth conditional of utterance. Translation as Catford
1965:1 said that translation is the replacement of textual material in one language SL by equivalent textual material in another language TL.
Transferring the message and expressing into the target language with considering the style of language is a part of translation process that
cannot be separated each other. The process of translation needs to be understood by translator in order to get the stages which important in
doing his job. According to Nida 1975 in Sutopo 2001:9-11 there are three steps of the process of translation. Those steps are: 1 analyze, 2
transfer, and 3 restructuring. Equivalence is involved in any theory of translation which can be
understood by the comparison of various texts linguistically. To reach it, Catford in Nababan, 2004:38 states that “by „shift‟ we mean departures
from formal correspondences in the process of going from SL into TL”.
Catford 1965:80 identified the translation shift into two major types of shift are identified: „level shift‟ and „category shift‟. Level shift is total
network of relations entered into by any linguistic form. Level shift, however, can only occur between the level of grammar and lexis. This
restriction is due to Catford‟s understanding of translation equivalence, which, from his structuralize point of view, is not based on the sameness
of meaning. Category shift is a departure from formal correspondence in translation. It occurs if the source language SL has different forms from
the target language TL. Verb phrase in English,
according to Biber, Conrad, and Leech 2002:41-44
verb phrase has a lexical verb or primary verb as their head. The main verb can stand alone or be preceded by one or more auxilary
verbs . Kosur 2013:1 termed verb phrases are formed by one or more
verbs and any number of objects, modifiers, complements, particles, infinitive markers, and auxiliaries.
Verb phrase in Indonesian, Alwi 2003:157 states that verb phrase is a language unit that is formed from
two or more words with averb as its core but it does not form a clause. The main of verb phrase and the word or words of others who support
them. The position of support word is fixed so it cannot be freely changed to another position.
Equivalence in translation, is the similarity between a word or expression in one language and its translation in another. Translation
equivalence, Catford 1965:27-31 distinguished between translation equivalence as an empirical phenomeon, discovered by comparing source
language and text language texts; and, on other hand, the underlying conditions, or justification, of translation equivalence.
As we know that nowdays, the use of foreign language can be a common thing to spread important science especially in books. For many
books have been translated from one language to another. One of them is book entitled Linguistics Across Cultures
written by Robert Lado and it‟s translation Linguistik di Pelbagai Budaya translated by Soenjono
Dardjowidjojo which is very interesting. People from teenager to adult are interested in reading this kind of education books. This phenomenon
can be seen by looking at a high attention which is many people try to get the information and the content written in that books.
Based on the explanations and phenomena above, the writer is interested in analyzing the verb phrases found in sentences of the book
and carries out as a study entitled A Translation Analysis of Verb Phrase Found in Linguistics Across Cultures into Linguistik di Pelbagai Budaya.
The researcher hopes that this research might be used for teaching translation related verb phrases and also gives clear explanation in
understanding a translation analysis of verb phrase, especially in
Linguistics Across Cultures into Linguistik di Pelbagai Budaya.
Compared with Narulita‟s findings of which to classify the types of
verbs and verb phrases, to describe the translation shifts, and to formulate the rules of the translation shifts in the novel Harry Potter and the
Chamber of Secrets and its translation. The results of the data analysis
show that there are eight types of verbs and twelve types of verb phrases. There are two shifts of translation namely: category shift and level shift.
From 1099 data found by researcher, there are ten translation shifts belong to category shift, they are: verb into noun; verb into adjective;
verb into adverb; verb into directive pronoun; linking verb into adverb; phrasal verb into verb; phrasal verb into adjective phrase; phrasal verb
into adverb phrase; verb into preposition and verb into verb as variation of translation. There are nine translation shifts belong to level shift, they
are: verb translated into verb phrase; phrasal verb into verb phrase; verb phrase into verb phrase; verb phrase into verb; verb phrase into
adjective; verb phrase into adverb; verb phrase into adverb phrase; verb phrase into noun; and verb phrase is translated into preposition. The
researcher also classifies the rules of verbs and verb phrases. The writer‟s
finding does not involve the description of the translaton shifts and the rules of the translation shifts. Both findings, the wr
iter‟s and Narulita‟s however have thing in common that is the classification of the types of
verb phrases. Compared with Wijanarko
‟s findings of which to classify translation analysis shift of verbs and verb phrases, and to describe the
equivalence of translation found in The Adventure of Tintin 2011 movie. The data source is in The Adventure of Tintin 2011 movie subtitle
containing verbs and verb phrases. The result of the research shows that there are two kinds of translation shift; they are the translation shift of
verb and the translation shift of verb phrase. From 136 data found by researcher, there are four-translation shift belong to category shift, they
are: verb translated into noun; verb into adverb; linking verb into adverb; verb into verb + particle
–nya. There are two translation shift
belong to level shift, they are: verb is translated into verb phrase and verb into yang + addition. Next, the second part is the translation shift of
verb phrase. In the level shift the writer finds the translation shift of verb phrase into verb; verb phrase into adjective; verb phrase into adverb;
verb phrase into preposition; and verb phrase into verb imperative. The researcher also classifies the equivalence of translation into two types,
there are 275 data from 284 data of equivalence translation and 9 data of 284 data of non equivalence translation.
Both findings, the writer‟s and the Wijanarko
‟s however have thing in common that is the classification of the types of verb phrases and the description of the translation
equivalence. The writer uses Nida
‟s theory and Catford‟s theory about translation variation of verb phrase and equivalent translation in
classifying, describing, and analyzing the data.