Definition of Terms INTRODUCTION

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F. Definition of Terms

The following are the definitions of the terms and how the definitions are related to the research. Understanding the definition of terms is really important to avoid misunderstanding and misinterpretation. The definitions are as follows. 1. Reading Reading is the process of situating the reader in contact and interaction with ideas Simanjuntak, 1998, p.3. In the context of English language education, reading is one of four skills which use visual sense to learn English. In studying English, reading is often used by students to comprehend discourse or knowledge. In this study, the term reading is understood as an activity to gain information or knowledge by using visual sense. 2. English Comics According to McCloud 1993, a comic is juxtaposed pictorial and other pictures in fixed arrangement which has function to deliver information and aesthetic attention from the readers p.20. In the comic, the words and pictures have to work together seamlessly enough so that readers barely aware when switching from one to another McCloud, 2006, p.31. In this study, English comic is the combination of arranged images and English texts which gives information using English and the visual aspect of pictures. 3. Motivation Motivation is the process in which aim-directed activity is instigated and supported Schunk, Pintrich Meece, 2008, p.4. Motivation is not the product but the progressive process to achieve the goal. Motivation can influence the way 9 a person achieving the goal; encouragement or obstruction. In this study, motivation is students‟ power that arouses and directs their behavior to study especially in reading English text. 4. Junior High School According to Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan 2012, Sekolah Menengah Pertama or Junior High School, which is abbreviated as SMP, is an elementary education phase of formal education in Indonesia after graduated from elementary school or an equal. Junior high school is a middle school which usually has three levels of schooling. The students are commonly around 13-15 years old. In this study, junior high school means a group of 13-15 years old students studying in SMP. 10

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW