61 Those are the interview guides employed in this research. The underlying
principles help the researcher to develop the questions. The detail explanation and relation between the result of the interview guide and the underlying principles is
explained further in Chapter II and IV.
3.5 Data Analysis Techniques
Based on the instruments employed in this research, the analysis of the data gained was divided into three steps of analysis; the analysis on observation result,
the analysis on the questionnaire result and the analysis on the interview result. In order to analyze the data, the researcher applied the theories in the review of
related literature. The analysis on the data is described in the following. 1.
The analysis on observation result The data obtained from three observations is presented in form of a
description on the process of teaching and learning in CRW 1 class A. The data gained from the observation was analyzed by comparing and
contrasting it to the underlying principles. In analyzing the data, the existing information gained from the data and the underlying principles were open
for cross checking to the data gained from the questionnaire and interview. Based on the comparison and contrast and the cross checking, the researcher
provides the description of the result. Figure 3.1 is presented on p. 63 2.
The analysis on the questionnaire result The data obtained from the questionnaire result was presented in form of
numerical data percentage. The analysis on the data gained from
62 questionnaire is conducted by comparing and contrasting it to the underlying
principles presented in the review of related literature. The analysis and evaluation of the data gained were enabling the researcher to do cross
checking among the results of the data. Then, the researcher identified the percentage to analyze and evaluate the implementation of critical review in
CRW 1 class and students’ perception on the implementation. The percentage of each item in the questionnaire was gained as follows. Figure
3. 1 is presented on p. 63 ∑n
28 � 100 =
����������
Notes: ∑n: Total respondents answering a certain option
28: Total respondents in this research Percentage: the result
3. The analysis on the interview result
The data gained from the interview was analyzed by comparing and contrasting it to the underlying principles presented in the review of related
literature. In evaluating and analyzing the data gained, the researcher made use of the analysis of data gained from observations and interviews to do
cross checking. The result of the data was presented in form of description or words. Figure 3. 1 is presented on p. 63
63 The process of data analysis is easier to be followed through a map. In this
page, the researcher provided the map of data analysis technique. The map shows that each instrument contributes to the data gained in this research. The data are
presented in different forms which require the researcher to analyze and evaluate the data by performing cross checking, comparing and contrasting to the theories
employed.
Description Numerical data
Description
Figure 3.1 The Data Analysis Technique
Observations Questionnaire
Interviews
Cross checking the result of the data gained
Comparing and contrasting the result to the theories of Critical Review, Critical
Reading and Writing and Advanced Level of Readers
64
3.6 Research Procedure
