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Nature of Critical Thinking

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2.1.4.2 Nature of Critical Thinking

Reading as stated in Chapter I is an active skill as a result to an active process called critical thinking. The ability to be critical of what is being read trained one to think critically about something not only specifically about the subject matter discussed in the reading but also the relation of the subject matter to the real world activities. The role of critical thinking in critical reading, according to Fisher and Scriven, is seen in this idea which shows that it is preceding the basic foundation of critical thinking as cited in Fisher, 2001. They emphasize that critical thinking is a skill and an active interpretation and evaluation of observations and communications, information, and argumentation. Therefore, critical thinking is a process of how a brain works to synthesize all the information gained and analyze as well as evaluate the information gained through the events or experiences people encounter in the real world. In promoting their ideas, they believe that critical thinking is a bigger and more complex than its name. When people think, they do not think critically simply because it is intended that way. They emphasize the standards of being critical thinker itself in which to be critical; thinking has to meet certain standard of clarity, relevance, and reasonableness. The standards of critical thinking are the basic foundation of critical thinking which is listed in basic critical thinking skills. Basic critical thinking skills as proposed by Fisher 2001 covers the opening elements of identifying a subject matter and elements in the reading up to the drawing inferences based on the reading. The basic critical thinking skills are including; identifying the 40 elements in a reason cased especially reason and conclusion, identifying and evaluating assumptions, clarifying and interpreting expression and ideas, and judging the acceptability especially the credibility of a claim. Next, basic critical thinking skills are also including; evaluating arguments of different kinds, analyzing, evaluating and producing explanations, analyzing, evaluating and making decisions, drawing inferences, and producing arguments.

2.4.1.3 Principles of Critical Thinking

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