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1.6.4 Critical Thinking
Critical thinking is involving and along with imagination, a twofold activity; analysis which is separating the parts of the problem, trying to see
how things fit together, and evaluation which is judging the merit of the assumptions and the weight of the evidence in their favor Barnet and
Bedau, 1999. In this research, critical thinking is seen as a result of acquiring the critical reading skill. Critical thinking is a skill that enables the
readers to identify the subject matter in a bigger and wider scope for the new perspective or paradigm by evaluating and interpreting the ideas presented.
Therefore, critical thinking is the second step in acquiring and developing the critical ability by creating a response to the text.
1.6.5 Critical Writing
Critical writing lies in convincing the reader to accept the claims Wallace Wray, 2011. In this research, critical writing is explored and
elaborated as the final step of developing the critical ability. It requires one to produce the critique and critical writing. As the final step, critical writing
is a place for one to show what he or she gained after analyzing, evaluating and interpreting the text. This critical writing is seen through the process of
producing the writing from three stages; the post reading, critical thinking, and critical writing.
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1.6.6 Advanced Level of Readers
Advanced level of readers is readers’ reading level in which the readers possess critical thinking and reflective mind on what they have read
as stated by Rosales, Jiminez, Haydee, and Soraya 2010. In this research, advanced level of readers is defined as the reading level where the readers
applied analysis and evaluation of their readings and also applied the reflective mind towards what happened on their surroundings. Advanced
level of readers is analyzed and evaluated as further implication of being critical both in reading and writing. The researcher believed that the ability
of being critical towards some issues and cases would not stop on just judging, responding or evaluating them critically. It has a bigger purpose,
implication and contribution to the future. Therefore, advanced level of readers is the further implication after implementing critical review in
critical reading and writing. The relation and elaboration of them are explained in Chapter II.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE