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second type is concerned with wome n as a writer. It means that women as the producer of a literary work with the history, themes, genres, and structures of
literature by woman Kennedy, 1999: 1960. This study is the second type of feminist criticism in which the author is a woman.
In this study, I use the feminist criticism because the growth of feminism cannot be separated from feminist criticism. It gives more space for women
writers to express their idea about feminism.
2. 1 . 2 Theory of Character and Characterization
We can get a better understanding about a novel, especially its hidden meaning through character. We can also get certain values or the author’s point of
view from the cha racter’s life. Therefore, I use the theory of character in order to know the kinds of characters and how the characters in the novel are
characterized.
2. 1. 2. 1 Theory of Character
Abrams 1981: 20 divides character into two kinds of character. They are flat and round character. Flat character is described in a general way. While
round character is more complex one. It has more than one characteristics and it changes from one characteristic to another one.
According to Holman and Harmon 1986: 83, there are also two kinds of character but they are in different term. They are static and dynamic character. A
static character is limited in changes. The action and experience of a static
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character are limited and has a little bit change. A dynamic character has more changes than static one. It changes the characteristic or personality by actions or
experience s that influence to change. Stanton 1975: 17 defines the term character in two ways. First,
character may designate the individual who appears in the story. Second, it refers to the description of attitude, interest, desires, emotion and moral principles of
individual. Therefore, the meaning of character can be both the actor and the actor’s characteristic s. The actor and the actor’s characteristic s are interrelated to
one another.
2. 1. 2. 2 Theory of Characterization
Jessica Brennan is the main character of the novel. The theory characterization is used in this study in order to understand how the characters act
and how the author describes the charac ter in the novel. It makes us easy to understand the characterization. To know her characterization, there are some
ways proposes by Murphy. Murphy 1972: 161-173 proposes nine ways to make the character in the story understandable and comes alive for the readers. They are
the personal description, character is seen by others, the character’s speech, the character’s past life, the conversation of others, the character’s reaction, the
author’s direct comment, the character’s thought, and mannerism. The explanation of each way will be given as follows:
1 . Personal Description
The author describes the character by his or her appearance and
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clothes. The author uses adjective in describing his character. The description of the character should be detailed. It means that the description covers more than
one parts of the body. They are the character’s face, skin, body, hair, clothes, and other distinctive features.
2 . Character as Seen by Another
The character is described through other eyes and opinion. The reader may see the character as a reflected image.
3 . Speech
The character is described through what the person says. The reader will get the description of the person whenever the person speaks and puts forward an
opinion and whenever he is in a conve rsation with other.
4 . Past Life
A person’s character can be learnt through a person’s past life. It can be a direct comment from the author, through the person’s thoughts, the conversation
or through the medium of another person.
5 . Conversation of Others
Through the conversation of other people and the things they say about the character, the author can give some clues to the reader.
6 . Reactions
The person’s character is described through the person’s reaction to various situation and events.
7 . Direct Comment
The author gives comment on the person’s character directly.
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8 . Thoughts
The author gives the reader direct knowledge of what a person is thinking about. He tells us what different people are thinking.
9 . Mannerism
The author describes a person’s mannerism and habits that may also tell the readers something about his character.
2. 2 Theory of Feminism
