Theoretical Framework THEORITICAL REVIEW

19 novel. The purpose of close reading is to understand how various elements in a literary text work together to shape its effect on the reader. Kennedy Gioia, 2010 The second step, the writer tried to find the references for the analysis process on the topic selected. The references were the theories on symbol, theme and approach related to the topic discussed. The theories were the theories of symbol, theme and formalist approach. Those were considered as the secondary data which was taken from some books. The third step, the writer formulated the problems in order to make the study systematic and easy to be analyzed. Then, the writer examined the novel as the primary data by applying the secondary data to answer the problems. In examining the novel to answer the problems, the writer tried to find symbols which are used in Eat, Pray, Love novel. The theories on symbol were used as a guidance to look for any words, phrases, sentences or paragraphs in the novel that can be used as a symbol. The process of examining the novel was conducted by close reading of the whole Eat, Pray, Love novel. After finding the symbols, it was analyzed by using the theories of symbol. The theories were also used to know how the particular word, phrase, sentence or paragraph could be used as a symbol. Next, the symbols which had been found were analyzed further to answer the second problem formulation and also to reveal how they contributed in revealing the theme of the story. The process was done by finding and relating the meaning of each symbol which had been discussed in order to answer the first 20 problem formulation. Then, the writer united the meanings of each symbol to formulate the theme of the story. In the last, the writer made a conclusion of the study. After answering all of the problem formulations, the writer made a conclusion of the study. The conclusion consists of the analysis results.