Meaning of Ketut Liyer, Wayan and Felipe

36 go off all of her negative sides and sharing her love to others, she feels happy, relaxed and have her confident back. “indeed, I do not think my body has looked or felt this relaxed in its life, not since I was maybe six months old and my mother took snapshots of me all blissed-out on a towel on the kitchen counter after a nice bath in the kitchen sink. ” p.295 The depression, misery, sadness that ever came to Gilbert‟s life is over now. The painful memory which was in her mind is finished. “I am happy and healthy and balanced. And, yes, I cannot help but notice that I am sailing to this pretty little tropical island with my Brazilian lover. Which is –I admit it –an almost ludicrously fairy-tale ending to this story, like the page out of some housewife‟s dream” p. 413 Loving all these people truly makes Gilbert find out happiness. Moreover the last one who is Felipe that takes her to a fairy-tale ending. It is not exactly Felipe who saves her from all of her misery in the past, but Gilbert‟s own choice to choose and trust Felipe as her lover. It is kind of Gilbert‟s responsibility for her own happiness as she says “I was not rescued by a prince; I was the administrator of my own rescue” p. 424 Every meaning of the symbols above must be united to form the theme of the novel. After uniting all of the meaning above, the theme can be formulated. There are three symbols which have been found in the novel. The first one is eating. In this case, eating symbolizes Gilbert‟s happiness. The activity of eating makes her feel happy and contended. The second symbol is praying. Praying also symbolizes Gilbert‟s happiness. When she stayed in Ashram Praying is one of her big source of happiness. The last symbols in the novel are Ketut Liyer, Wayan and Felipe. The last symbol also symbolizes Gilbert happiness. After all of her misery PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 37 in the past, she is able to forgive her past and she is able to build a good relationship with man. She is able to share her love and accept love from people around her. She makes her own self happy and also people around her. The theme of the story is pursuit of happiness. As mentioned before that the theme of the story is found by linking all the details of the story which are the symbols. Gilbert is woman who made a difficult choice to eave modern American success including marriage, house and a successful career as a writer. She leaves all of her life in America to find out what she truly wanted in life by doing the journey across the three countries namely India, Italia and Indonesia. Gilbert start her journey in Italy, here most of her activity were eating and learning Italian Language. Her eating activities make her feel happy because she enjoys every meal that she have when she stayed there. Eating is symbolizes Gilbert‟s happiness because through eating she can enjoys her days and she feel contended after she ate every meal in Italy. After her eating journey in Italy, Gilbert start to feel happy as she says “But I felt a glimmer of happiness when started studying Italian, and when you sense a faint potentiality for happiness after such dark times you must grab onto the ankles of that happiness and not let go until it drags you face-first out of the dirt –this is not selfishness, but obligation. You were given life; it is your duty and also your entitlement as a human being to find something beautiful within life, no matter how high.”p.115 After Gilbert finished her journey in Italy, she continues her journey to the second country which is India. In India she expected to have a spiritual journey to find God and to make her life better. She stayed for about four month in an Ashram in India. There she learns meditation, yoga and gugurita. Gilbert‟s life in 38 Ashram is very different with her life in America; she spent most of her time to meditate and practicing yoga and gugurita. She ate healthy food and she had a discipline bedtimes. Through meditation, Gilbert is able to control her thinking, she can change her negative thought into positive one. Finally, she is also able to forgive everything that happened in her past including her husband and David. She is able to made peace to her past experience. Besides, she also able to find God and how to communicate with Him also find herself through meditation. She realizes that everything that she has been searching for is already in herself. “We search for happiness everywhere, but we are like Tolstoy‟s fabled beggar who spent his life sitting on a pot of gold, begging for pennies from every passerby, unaware that his fortune was right under him the whole time. Your treasure –your perfection–is within you already. But to claim it, you must leave the busy commotion of the mind and abandon the desires of the ego and enter into the silence of the heart. The kundalini shakti –the supreme energy of the divine–will take you there” p.245 Experiencing meditation and everything in ashram makes Gilbert realizes that everything that she has been looking for is already in her. Praying is symbolizes happiness because through praying Gilbert find what happiness is and how to find it. The last country in Gilbert ‟s journey is Indonesia. She stayed in Bali for about four months and she meets many people there. Her experience with people who were close to her is an experience of love. She is loved by people and she loves people around her. It makes her feel happy and balanced. Therefore, Ketut Liyer, Wayan and Felipe symbolizes gilbert‟s happiness and balance. Moreover the meaning of each symbol which has been found in the novel is correlated with PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 39 the theory of authentic happiness by Seligman namely pleasure, engagement, and meaning. The first is pleasure. Pleasure is indicated with daily experiences of positive emotions. Frequent experience of positive emotion is also related to higher level of satisfaction. In Italy, Gilbert enjoys a pleasure by eating Italian foods and learning to speak Italian languages. In India, Gilbert gets positive thought when she does all her daily activities. The experience of positive emotions gives pleasure to her and makes her feel the happiness. In Indonesia, pleasure is easily got through living in a peace place when she stayed in Bali. The second is engagement. Engagement means doing activity that has the benefit for nurturing our well-being life by building our interest which can make our life happier. During Gilbert‟s journey in the three countries she also builds her interest to make her life happier. The first is when she is in Italy. She tries to speak Italian language because it makes her feel happy and sexy. She tries many kinds of food because she enjoys her eating activities and it makes her feel happy and contended. She also learns the Italian dictionary to know some words in Italian. Second, when Gilbert stayed in India, she engages in praying, gugurita, meditation, and yoga activities for nurturing her well-being life. Third in Indonesia, Gilbert learns the new meditation taught by Ketut Liyer. The meditation is called Four Brother meditation to pursue happiness. The last theory mentioned by Seligman is meaning. An individual achieves meaning in life when he or she experiences life as purposeful, significant, and understandable. In Italy, Gilbert achieves meaning in her life after experiencing 40 many beautiful things in Italy such as learning eating many kinds of food, makes her own meal and also learning and practicing Italian language. Gilbert also gets meaning in her life by knowing some Italian expressions that are catchy to her ears. Through those expressions Gilbert learns how to apply those words into her real life thus her life is meaningful. In India, Gilbert gets meaning through the spiritual activities such as meditation. Meditation gives meaning for Gilbert‟s life in finding union between herself and God. Thus, meditation is one of Gilbert‟s ways to find God. In meditation, Gilbert learns how to live her life in union, between mind and body, between her thoughts and the source of her thoughts. By controlling her mind, Gilbert can learn how be proactive when she faces some troubles. Gilbert gets excited because she finally finds a meaning for herself In the end, when Gilbert stayed in Indonesia she also gets a meaning of life from her Guru who is Ketut Liyer. Gilbert learns to live her life from a magic picture that is drawn by Ketut. “So I describe the picture he had made for me, the figure with the four legs and the missing head and the face in the heart and he listens to me politely, with modest interest, like we‟re discussing somebody else‟s life entirely” p.289-290 That figure tells how Gilbert should live her life. The picture depict the four legs means that it is grounded on earth or low profile personality, the missing head means Gilbert should not see the world from the outside or anyone from the appearance but from the hearts that is symbolized by the face which is in the heart. The picture gives a meaningful description for Gilbert‟s guidance in living a happy life. Gilbert learns to make a good effort to keep her happiness because happiness starts with her, not anyone else. By relating the indicators of happiness 41 from Seligman‟s theory about authentic happiness with the meaning of every symbol in the novel, the idea of the story about pursuing happiness is strengthened . After all of gilbert‟s misery and depression in the past, she is able to find her happiness in her journey by experiencing many meaningful and positive activities as symbolized in eating, praying and Ketut Liyer, Wayan and Felipe. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 42

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

This part consists of three sections namely the conclusion, the implications, and suggestions. The first part contains the final answer of the problem formulations as mentioned in the previous chapter. The second part contains the suggestions for future researchers and English lecturer.

A. Conclusions

There are two conclusions in this study. The first one is the symbols that are found in the novel. Based on the theories of symbol which have been explained in the previous chapter, there are three symbols found in the novel namely, eating, praying, and Ketut Liyer, Wayan and Felipe. The first symbol is eating which symbolizes happiness and contentment. When Gilbert starts her journey in Italy, she ate many kinds of foods. She enjoys every meal that she ate. Therefore, eating is one of her source of happiness. The second symbol is pray ing. Gilbert‟s way of praying which is meditation makes her life better. She is able to control her thinking and forgive her past including her ex-husband and David. Meditation also helps Gilbert to find how to make her life happier. The last symbol is Ketut Liyer, Wayan and Felipe In this case, Ketut Liyer, Wayan and Felipe symbolizes Gilbert‟s happiness. She has a good sense of empathy; she is able to not only receive love but also share love to others. Sharing PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 43 her love makes Gilbert‟s life becomes more meaningful because she can help others and make them happy. Gilbert not only makes other people happy but she also makes herself happier by sharing and accepting love from others. The meaning of each symbol is correlated with the theory from Seligman 2002 about the pathways to authentic happiness. The meaning of each symbol which is experienced by Gilbert indicated the pathway of authentic happiness theory by Seligman 2002. The first is pleasure which is indicated with daily experience of positive emotions which shows when Gilbert enjoys her eating activity, learning meditation and living in a peace place like Bali. The second is engagement. Engagement means doing activity that has benefit for nurturing our well-being life by building our interest which can make our life happier. It shows when Gilbert ate many kinds of food and enjoys every meal that she ate and also when she is able to make her own meal in her apartment. The third is India, Gilbert engages in praying, meditation and gugurita for nurturing her well-being life and pursuing her happiness. In Indonesia Gilbert learns the new meditation taught by Ketut which is named Four Brothers meditation to pursue happiness. The last pathway is meaning. In Italy, Gilbert achieves meaning in her life after experiencing many beautiful things in Italy; eating, learning Italian language. In India Gilbert gets meaning through the spiritual activities; praying and meditation. The fourth is in Indonesia, Gilbert gets meaning from a magic picture drawn by her Guru named Ketut Liyer. The second conclusion is the theme of the novel. After finding the symbols in the novel and its meaning, the writer needs to link all of the meanings of the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 44 symbols to formulate the theme of the story. The meaning of eating, praying and love is Gilbert‟s happiness, contentment and balance in life. Gilbert‟s decided to have a journ ey in three different countries. In those three countries Gilbert‟s activities which are represent in the symbols. Those successfully made her find her happiness. She finally found her true happiness after she had many problems in her past which brings depression and misery to her life. Moreover, the meaning of each symbol is correlated with the pathways of happiness theory mentioned by Seligman 2002 which are pleasure, engagement, and meaning. After learning the connection of the entire symbol and also the theory of authentic happiness, then it can be conclude that the theme of Eat, Pray, Love novel is pursuit of happiness.

B. Suggestions

There are two points in this part. The first point is the suggestion for English lecturers and the second is the suggestion for future researchers.

1. English lecturers

The writer suggests English lecturers to use this novel as a material for prose class. This novel can be use as the material for prose class because it contains contextual symbol. The students can learn the intrinsic element of this novel, especially symbols. They can learn about contextual symbols from this novel. The students can also get a good moral value from this novel. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 45

2. Future Researchers

The writer suggests the future researchers to conduct a study on this novel because there are many elements that can be analyzed. The writer can conduct a research on Gilbert‟s motivation to struggle for finding her happiness and also about Gilbert‟s personality which is very interesting. 46 REFERENCES Abcarian, R, Marvin K, Peter R. 1998. Literature reading and writing the human experience 7 th ed. New York: St. Martin‟s Press. Abrams, M. H. 1989. A glossary of literary terms 6 th ed. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. Gilbert, E. 2006. Eat, pray, love. London: Panguin Books. Guerin, W L., Earle L, Lee M, Jeanne C. Reesman, John R. Willingham. 2005. A handbook of approach to literature 5 th ed. New York: Oxford University Press. Guth, H P. and Gabriele L. R. 1997. Discovering literature: Stories, poems, plays. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc. Kennedy, X.J. and Diana G. 2010. An introduction to fiction 11 th ed. New York: Longman. Myers, J Simms.1989. The longman dictionary of poetic terms. New York: Longman. Perrine, L. 1974. Literature: Structure, sound, and sense. London: Harcourt Brace Javanovich. Roberts, E, V. and Henry, E. J. 1989. An introduction to reading and writing. Englewood Cliffs Prentice Hall. Ryff, C. D. 1989. Happiness is everything, or is it? Exploration on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 576,1069-1081. Retrieved from http:aging.wisc.edupdfs379.pdf on August 10 , 2016 Schueller Seligman. 2010. Pursuit of pleasure, engagement, and meaning: Relationship to subjective measures of well-being. The journal of positive psychology. 54, 253-263. Retrieved from https:sccn612final.wikispaces.comfileviewpursuit+of+pleasure,+enga gement,+and+meaning+relationship+to+objective+and.pdf Stanton, R. 1965. An introduction to fiction. New York: Holt, Reinhart and Winston, Inc.