Reading 1. Definition of Reading
reading is an activity when people should read some texts to get more information, but usually the texts that is used are chosen by the reader. The last is
Intensive reading, contrary to extensive reading, in intensive reading; the reader should read some short texts as a purpose to get specific information.
According to Jeremy Harmer, a number of reading objectives by using some of variety types of exercises we can get a number of reading objectives. However,
the variety types of exercises as follow:
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a. Reading to confirm expectation
Students guess what information they will get from the text. The text must be interesting for them. So, they will have motivating for reading.
b. Reading to extract specific information
The students read the text by scanning. They only focus on the demand of the questions by finding the keywords.
c. Reading for communicative tasks
Students are active in the task. So, reading will be more than question-answer. d.
Reading for general understanding Student read the text by skimming to understand the whole text.
e. Reading for detail comprehension information
Students learn about the language use in detail writing based on particular theme.
f. Reading for detail comprehension function and discourse
Students pay attention to the discourse structure. So, they will understand the text fully.
Another point of view, Grabe and Stoller believe that reading purposes can be classified under seven main headings. They are:
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a. Reading to search for simple information
Reading to search for simple information is a common reading ability; people typically scan the text for a specific piece of information or a specific word.
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Jeremy Harmer, The Practice of English Language Teaching, New York: Longman, 1983, p. 153.
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William Grabe, Frederika L. Stoller, Teaching and Researching Reading, Edinburgh: Pearson Education, 2002, p. 13.
b. Reading to skim quickly
Reading to skim is a common part of many reading tasks and a useful skill in its own right. It is combination of strategies for guessing where important
information might be in the text. c.
Reading to learn from text It is typically occurs in academic and professional contexts in which a person
needs to learn a considerable amount of information from a text. d.
Reading to integrate information It requires additional decision about the relative importance of
complementary, mutually supporting or conflicting information and the likely restructuring of rhetorical frame to accommodate information from multiple
sources. e. Reading to write
People read a text to represent common academic tasks that call upon the reading abilities needed to integrate information.
f. Reading to critique texts
The reader evaluates the information so that the reader can decide what information to integrate and how to integrate it for the readers’ goal.
g. Reading for general comprehension
It is actually more complex than commonly assumed, because it requires very rapid automatic processing of words, strong skills in forming a general
meaning representation of main ideas, and efficient coordination of many processes under very limited time constraints.
The objectives of reading abovestate in KTSP. Teaching reading in KTSP is aimed at developingstudents’ comprehension to comprehend variety of text. It
means, the students can get information from the text they read. The developments of reading objectives in KTSP are stated in school’s syllabus.