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school because the teachers fail to educate character model to treat people equally. School is only a device for people to emphasize their prestige that they have by
attending it. The Education about moral is not important for either the students or teachers as long as the ambition of being a prestigious member of elitist school can
be fulfilled to get compliance from society. This condition is contrast with the basic task of school. It also causes Holden as the main character to rebel against his school.
By analyzing Holden’s rebellion in this novel the writer not only hopes to figure what kind of rebellion done by Holden against the educational institution, but also
able to reveal the reasons that affect him in doing rebellion against his school. This is the reason as well as the background of this thesis to discuss about rebellion against
educational institution through the main character in J.D. Sallinger’s novel The Catcher in
the Rye.
1.2 Problem of the Study
In this analysis, some questions have appeared to make deeper comprehension about the issues. Some problematic questions that emerge according
to this analysis are: 1.
How did Holden Caulfield’s rebellion against his school portray in the novel? 2.
What caused the main character to rebel against his school?
1.3 Objectives of the Study
In relation of the problem, the objectives of this analysis are: 1.
To identify Holden Caulfield’s rebellion against educational institution school portrayed in the novel.
2. To identify the causes of Holden’s rebellion against school in the novel.
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1.4 Scope of the Study
In research, it is important to limit the analysis on specific data that has been chosen. The data will be collected from the novel “The Catcher in The Rye by J. D
Salinger”. The scope of this thesis is directed on Holden Caulfield’s rebellion toward school and his dissatisfaction on school institution as an instrument of creating gap or
class stratification in society. The role of school has failed to construct strong personality among students to live in harmony without any gap.
1.5 Significance of the Study
This thesis is intended to help for better understanding about the novel. By reading the thesis, the readers are expected to find the reason of why rebellion
produced by the main character emerges. The writer hopes this analysis would be useful for readers to enlarge their knowledge about Holden Caulfield’s rebellion
from different perspective by considering the background that caused him to do it. The writer hopes the reader can understand about the bad impact of social gap that is
resulted by school as an educational institution
1.6 Methodology
1.6.1 Data Data Source
The data of this thesis are taken from the text of the novel. So, the text of the novel is selected in terms of quotations. The quotations are classified into context of
rebellion against school, which is supposed relevant with the analysis. Because of that, the data are not the whole text of the novel.
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The primary data source of this thesis is The Catcher in The Rye novel written by J.D. Sallinger. Besides the primary source, the internet and other critical
books about literature in particular about novel are treated as the supporting or secondary data source.
1.6.2 Technique of collecting Data
The first step dealing with the novel is reading it several times in order to understand not only the story, but also the meaning of the text in terms of word,
phrase, sentence, and clause as chosen in the text. The next step is to select the text by classifying them through quotations. They are written as proof to strengthen idea
of the analysis. The selection of the text is related to context of rebellion against school that is done by the main character. In reference to this, the sense of rebellion
against school is limited to what the main character says, what he has done, and what other characters say about him.
1.6.3 Method
The method, which has been applied in this thesis, is descriptive qualitative method. The analysis is done by interpreting the text and then describing the
phenomena of rebellion as portrayed in the novel. The analysis has nothing to do with numbers or statistics as being done in quantitative research method.
1.7 Review of Related Literature
In completing the analysis, the writer used some books and sources to find the information in order to support the data. They are:
Salinger 1951 is the main object of this thesis. Sallinger in this novel portrays the condition of school as an appalling institution that sets classification and
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creates discrimination. This phenomena creates rebellion in this novel that will be showed by the main character through his attitude and response toward school as an
educational institution.
Eagleton 1976 in his book entitled Marxism Literary Criticism analyzes the element of literature from the Marxist point of view. Character in the novel is
seemed to be equal as human in real life. That is why they are confronted with social problems. Human response toward certain phenomena is affected by their conscious.
The changing in human life is the cause of social interaction and their necessity. Renne Wellek Austin Waren 1956 in their book Theory of Literature
discusses particularly about the relation about literature and society. The novelist is treated as a social agent because he or she is the member of society. The novelist
observes and writes social phenomenon that happen in society. Then, he summarizes them in the form of literary works either poem, prose or novel or even drama.
Therefore, literature is in short a portrayal of social life imaginatively. In this book, the function of literature and what literature is about are clearly stated. Simply to say,
this book is helpful to understand literature both practically and theoretically.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 General Concept of Novel as Literature
