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T. telling 47.
They suggested ……… by plane . Q.
travelling
R. to travelling S. traveling
T. into traveling
48. Lina is workin g hard for her examination. He avoids …… to much .
Q. to be going out R. to out go
S. goeing out T.
going out
49. X : “What did he deny?”
Y : …………. Q. stealing the wallet
R. to be stolen the wallet S. he had been stealing the wallet
T.
to stealing the wallet
50. Would you mind …….. your pet snake somewhere else?
Q. to puting
R. to putting S. putting
T. puting
J. Translate into English
41. Saya biasanya menikmati mendaki gunung .
I usually enjoy walking to the mountain
42. Guru kami tidak mengizinkan makan di dalam kelas.
They teacher not excute eat in the class
43. Setelah selesai sarapan pagi , dia pergi kerja. After finishing breakfast, he go to work
44. Sebelum tidur, dia mengunci semua pintu.
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Before sleeping , she lock door all 45. Dia selesai menulis sebuah laporan.
She is fnishing wreating report
46. Saya rindu kedatangannya tahun ini.
I miss her arriving this year
47. Ibu Rina melatih kami membuat robot.
Mother she training us to make robot
48. Berenang adalah olahraga yang sangat menyehatkan.
Swiming
is healthy sport 49. Itu tidak baik menceritakan kelakuan buruk seseorang.
It not good telling the people bad behavior.
50. Pegawai berhenti bekerja pada saat makan siang. The saff stop working at lunch .
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REFERENCES
Arikunto, S. 2005. Manajemen Penelitian. Jakarta: PT. Asdi Mahasatya Arjati, Artin Feriana. 2007. An Error Analysis on the Use of Gerund among the Fourth
Semester Students of English Department of UNNES in the Academic Year of 20062007.
Allen, W.Stannard. 1974. Living English Structure. London : Longman Group FE Ltd. Azar, Betty Schrampfer. 1999. Understanding and Using Grammar. Englewood Cliffs,
New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Brown, H.D. 2000. Principles of Language Learning Teaching. Englewood Cliffs,
New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc Bungin, H. Burhan. 2005. Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada
Media Group Corder, S. Pit. 1981. Error Analysis and Interlanguage. London: Oxford University
Press Cook, S.J and R.W .Sutter. 1980. The Scope of Grammar: A Study of Modern English.
New York: Mc. Graw-Hill, Inc. Dulay, Burt, Krashen. 1982. Second Language Acquisition and Universal Grammar.
New York: Oxford University Press Ellis, Rod. 1989. The Study of Second Language Acquisition. New York: Oxford
University Press Ellis, Rod. 1997. Understanding Second Language Acquisition. England : Oxford
University Press James, C. 1998. Error Language Learning and Use Exploring Error Analysis. London:
Longman Group Ltd. Mariyadi. 2016. An Error Analysis on the Use of Gerund\d the Fourth Semester of
English Department, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara in the academic Year of 20122013
. USU Pyle, Michael A. 2001. CliffsTestPrep TOEFL CBT. USA: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc.
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Richard, Jack C. 1974. Error Analysis : Perspective on Second Language Acquisition Richard, J.C. 1985. Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics. Burnt Mill: Longman
Riyanto, Slamet Tumijo S.Pd M.Hum with LTI Language Training Institution.
2010. Sukses Toefl. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Widyatama Rukiah. 2012. An Error Analysis in Using Passive Voice Made by the Eleventh Year
Students of MAN 1 Panyambungan . USU
Sembiring, Indah Lestari. 2012. An Error Analysis of Using Past Tenses in Narrative Text Made by the Twelfth Graders of SMA 1 Tanjung Morawa
. USU Simamora, Labora Valentina. 2015. The Analysis of Gerund Use in Tempo. USU
Thomson, A.J and Martinet, A. V. 1969. A Practical English Grammar. Second.
Edition. England: Oxford University Press. ………:Juli
2012 Definition
of field
research. Retrived
from http:www.businessdictionary.comdefinitionfield-reserach.html.
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CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1 Research Method
The researcher uses field research in doing this writing. Field research is an activity aimed at collecting primary original or otherwise unavailable data, using
methods such as face to face interviewing, telephone and postal survey, and direct observation
www.businessdictionary.comdefinitionfield-research.html. The
researcher applies quantitative method and qualitative method. Quantitative method is used to find out the kinds and the most dominant error in using gerund. Arikunto
2005:12 states that quantitative research applies number from collecting the data, describing the data, until the result of the research. Moreover, the results of the research
would be better by applying table, graph, draft, picture, etc .
3.2 Data and Data Source
The research data consists of two sources. The first source is eleventh grade students of SMA Free Methodist Medan. There is one class which consists of 30
students. The second source is objective test namely 20 questions. The students must
answer the questions about Gerund as many as 20 questions.
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3.3 Data Collecting Method
In collecting data, the writer used test. The writer collects the data by giving test to the eleventh grade students of SMA Free Methodist Medan. The data in this study are
the answers of the students that contain errors in using Gerund. The test instrument is a completion test with 20 questions. In this test the researcher only gave 40 minutes for
the students to answer the questions.
3.4 Data Analysis Method
In analyzing the data, the researcher applied the theory of Dullay in analyzing the types of errors made by the eleventh grade students in using Gerund, while for the steps
of analysis the researcher uses the theory of Rod Ellis. The steps of analysis are:
1. Identifying Errors In this step the writer compares the errors sentence mention it as “original
sentence” with what seem to be moral or „correct‟ sentences in the target language which correspond with them mention it as “reconstruction”.
2. Describing Error This next step is the step where the errors are described and classified into kinds.
3. Explaining Errors This is last step of the errors analysis. In this step, the writer tried to explain how
and why a sentence called erroneous. After analyzing the errors sentence, the writer identifies the percentages of the errors made by eleventh grade students.
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To know the percentage of errors made by the students, the researcher also uses the formula of Bungin 2005:171-172. The formula:
N x
f n
x 100 Notes:
n = stands for the percentage of errors Fx = stands for the total of frequency of the sub
– categories errors N = stands for the total errors of all categories
Having counted the percentage of errors, then analyzing the errors was done based on the classification or types of each and also based on the mixture of errors was
made and by looking up the result of the analysis, drew some conclusions.
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CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1 Data Analysis
This chapter contains of the tabulation and the analysis of error analysis on the use of Gerund made by the eleventh grade students of SMA Free Methodist Medan
which consists of 30 students. The writer gives a multiple choice test and translation test, which are focused on Gerund. The writer only gives 40 minutes for the students to
answer the tests. This test consists of 20 items, each of Gerund type have certain items. The writer puts the item at random as it can be seen below:
Table 4.1 Gerund Tests.
No. Type of Gerund
Multiple Choice
Translation Test
Number of Item
1 Gerund as Subject
1,9 8
3 2
Gerund as Object 2,5,6,7,8,10
1,2,5,7,9,10 12
3 Gerund as Preposition
3 3,4
3 4
Gerund as Possesive 4
6 2
4.1.1 Kinds of Error in Using Gerund as Subject
Gerund is an action functioning as a noun. As a subject of a sentence, it basically has characteristics such as verb+ing, in front of predicate, subject of sentence and
having meaning as a noun. There are some errors in using Gerund as Subject made by the eleventh grade students. The errors consist of omission, addition, misformation and
misordering error.
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1 Omission Error Omission errors are characterized by the absence of items that must be
present in a well-formed utterance. There are some errors of omitting items in Gerund as subject found in data.
a. This table shows the samples of omission of “ing”
Students’ Initial
Error Sentences Reconstruction
DRN GS
1
Swim
is healthy sport
2
We Walk all
the way home made us tired
Swimming is healthy sport.
Walking all the way
home made us tired
Based on the sample above, it can be seen that the omission of “ing” is not correct. The omission error happens because the students omitted the “ing”, it must
appear in those sentences. A sentence must consist of at least a subject and predicate. There are no subjects in the subjects in the sentences above, but verbs. A subject must be
a nounpronoun. The correct subject from in the sentences above is by adding suffix-ing to the verbs in front of the sentences in order that they become noun and can be used as
subjects of sentence. b.
Omission of “to” This table shows the sample of omission of “to”
Students’ Initial
Error Sentences Reconstruction
EE 3
X: “What did he deny?”
Y: To stealing the wallet
