Changes in Seasonal Stream Flow

58 This page intentionally left blank 59 V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusion

This study was integrating GIS, and remote sensing data into a hydrological model to assess the impact of land cover changes in Palu catchment to the stream flow, using three multi temporal imageries. By integrating the use of GIS and remote sensed data in hydrological model are very useful. Based on the results from both GISremote sensing and hydrological modeling processes and its analysis, some conclusions can be drawn as follows: • The trends of land use changes in Palu catchment during 1990-2009 periods were lead by deforestation, where the forest area has decreased for about 381.54 km 2 at annual rate of 19.584 km 2 per year. • HEC-HMS with NRCS method satisfactorily simulated the stream flow in a watershed, also the stream response to the land cover changes by change the averaged sub-basin curve numbers • Based on the simulated hydrograph using existing conditions and simulated conditions, the stream responses in Palu catchment show normal response with no significant extreme flow occurred during simulation.

5.2 Recommendation

• The social-economic might need to include on the analysis for future research, to identify the relationship between local economic condition and rate of forest loss, to determine the best watershed management that can be implemented in Palu Catchment. • The area with low vegetation, especially on the hilly or area with high slope need to perform reforestation activity or better agricultural management system e.g. agroforestry system with economic woody plantation to reduce the surface runoff. 60 This page intentionally left blank 61 REFERENCES _____________ 2004. Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Provinsi RTRWP Sulawesi Tengah,Perda No. 2 Tahun 2004. Alphan, H. 2003. Land-use change and urbanization of Adana, Turkey. Land Degrad. Dev. 14, 575. B´ardossy, A. 2008. Influence of rainfall observation network on model calibration and application. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 77–89 Cabral, P and Zamayatin, A. 2009. 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