The advantages of textbook material.

motivation is a concept of organisms that leads somebody to an action. In conclusion, motivation in language learning is a support coming from learners‟ sell or another person who causes a strong desire to require the second language. Lightbown and Spada 1999: 56 state that in second language learning, motivation is a complex phenomenon which can be defined in terms of two factors: learners communicative need and their attitudes toward the second language co mmunity. In a teacher‟s mind, motivated students are usually those who share enthusiastically in class, express motivation in the subject-matter, and study a great deal. Teachers are easily recognizing characteristics such as these. They also have more opportuni ty to influence these characteristics than students‟ reasons for studying the second language or their attitudes toward the language and it speaker. If we can make our classrooms places where students enjoy coming because the content is motivationing and relevant to their age and level of ability, where learning goals are challenging yet manageable and clear, and where the atmosphere is supportive and non-threatening, we can make a positive contribution to students‟ motivation to learn. Brown 2001: 2 states that motivation is the amount to which you create alternatives about goals to pursue and the effort you will devote to that pursuit. In the classroom, when learners have opportunities to make their own choices about what to pursue and what not to pursue, as in a cooperative learning context, they are fulfilling this need for autonomy when learners get things shoved down their throats, motivation can wane, according to this branch of theory, because those learners have to yield to other‟s whises and commands. He adds that motivation refers to the intens ity of one‟s impetus to learn, the intensity or motivation of learners to attain that goal could be high or low. Ur 1996: 274 says that it is rather difficult to define term “motivation”. It is easier and more useful to think in terms of the motivated learner who is willing or even eager to invest effort in learning activities and to progress because it is very strongly related to the achievement in language learning. Another opinion about motivation is coming from Beck 1990: 190. He defines that motivation is a psychological aspect dealing with behavior differencess among individual from time to time. It is a process to push someone to act based on a certain objectives. Elliot, et al. 2000: 332 define that motivation as internal state that arouses us to action, pushes us in particular direction and keeps us engaged in certain activities. They also state that motivation is an important psychological construct that affects learning and performance in at least four ways. They are: a. Motivation increases an individual‟s energy and activity level Pintrich, Marx, Boyle, 1993. It influences the extent to which an individual is likely to engage in certain activity intensively or half heartedly.