b. This material allows for individuals to collaborate on projects that
would otherwise be impossible due to such factors as geography c.
This material is useful for allowing individuals who might be intimidated due to factors like character or disabilities to participate in
communication d.
This material makes an individual comfortable which allows a communicative partner to open up more easily and be more expressive.
4. The disadvantages of Computer Based Communication Teaching
material
Stanley 2008: 34 states that the disadvantages of the Computer Based Communication Teaching material are as follows:
a. The effectiveness of the teaching and learning process will not be
successful if the teachers do not acquire the concepts of the method properly b.
The method requires the creativity of the teacher to design and employ an appropiate instructional material; otherwise the teaching and learning
process will not run effectively. c.
A well planned and well organized class management is required to run the teaching and learning activity.
C. Textbook
1. Definition
As a language being learnt beside mother tongue, English is likely to be learned by Indonesian learners only in the classroom. Consequently,
English textbook will potentially be the only student second language
access to language in the classroom. Most teachers often use textbook as a primary resource book for ideas and instructional activities as well as
giving guides for what they do. Garinger 2002: 23 points out a textbook
can serve different purposes for teachers: as a core resource, as a source of supplemental material, as an inspiration for classroom activities, even as
the curriculum itself. Graves 2000: 151 proves that textbook is a basic resource to determine the quality of language input and the language
practices during teaching learning process in a course. Textbooks are a central part of any educational system. They help
to define the curriculum and can either significantly help or hinder the teacher Altbach ,1991: 1. Jabber 2000: 2 describes that a textbook is a
collection of the knowledge, concepts, and principles of a selected topic or course. Its usually written by one or more teachers, college professors, or
education experts who are authorities in a specific field. Richards 2002: 33 states that textbook In some references, using
„a coursebook‟ is a created material, refering to the textbook and other specially developed instructional resource. A textbook needs to be
evaluated. For instance, exercises or activities in the workbook. In evaluating this quality of the exercises or activities from a textbook, the
four key of points exercises and activities are suggested by Garinger 2002:1-2. First, the exercises and activities in the textbook should
contribute to students‟ language acquisition. Second, the exercises should
be balanced in their format, containing both controlled and free practice.
Third, the exercises should be progressive as the students move through the textbook, and finally the exercises should be varied and challenging. In
summary, one of these evaluation criteria enables to lead into a standardized textbook.
Based on explanation above, textbook is systematically organized material comprehensive enough to cover the primary objectives outlined in
the standard course of study for a grade or course
.
Moreover, textbook is accompanied by teacher guides, which provide the student with
supplemental teaching materials, ideas, and activities to use throughout the academic year.
2. The Teaching Steps of Textbook
Berkeley 2014: 217 describes to improve accesbility for textbook: a.
When of equivalent appropriateness, adopt textbooks and course materials that are already available in accessible formats, rather than those that are
not. Many publishers have this information available, and are happy to provide it.
b. Adhere to school policy regarding textbook adoption timelines to ensure
that there is adequate time to provide accessible versions of textbooks and course materials to students. It can take several weeks to convert material
into accessible format, and sufficient time is required to ensure that materials are available for students with disabilities at the same time they
are available to other students.
