Method and technique of analyzing data

The data was taken from conversation occurring between woman in the novel of ”Pride and Prejudice” by Jane Austen. By using the theory of politeness maxims proposed by Geoffrey Leech 1983 and politeness strategies by Brown and Levinson 1978, she analyzed the type of utterance of the speaker in talking to the hearer. In this study she found the use of five politeness maxims and four politeness strategies applied in the utterance of woman characters in the novel. The woman in the novel used two bald on record strategies, nine of positive politeness strategies; a notice, b attend to H his interest, wants, needs, good, c exaggerate interest, approval, sympathy with H, d use in group identity markers, e seek agreement, f assert or presuppose S’s knowledge of and concern for H’s wants, g offers or promise, h be optimistic, i give or ask for reasons. In term of the negative politeness strategy there were four strategies found, those are; a be conventionally indirect, b hedge, c be pessimistic, d apologize. And in term of record strategy, there were only found three strategies found, they are; a use tautologies, b be ironic, and c be ambiguous. In this study the discussion is not only female characters but also focus on negative politeness strategy used by the all characters. Meikasari 2002 also did a research in politeness. Her study is entitled “Positive Politeness Strategies in Verbal Communication in a drama “Gaucho” by Gloria Gonzalez. The study is mainly aimed at investigating the use of positive politeness strategies by the author in written text, particularly a drama entitled Gaucho. The concept of politeness strategies applied in this study is proposed by Brown and Levinson 1978. Scollon’s theory about face solidarity system is also applied to analyze the concept of solidarity. The finding s of this study showed that in general, the drama was full of positive politeness strategies. The characters applied those strategies in order to show solidarity or intimacy or to get closer to each other by reducing social distance and social power between them. On the other hand, the similarity between my study and his study is used theory by Lakoff 1975 to find out the women linguistic features and their function, and also theory of women language by Coates 1986. It is generally agreed that politeness is an essential feature of social life. By now, politeness studies have grown into an important line of inquiry, as evidenced by the publication of numerous pertinent books and articles, There is a sociology journal that was published in 2008 by Prof. Dr. Nguyen Van Do from Thang Long University and the title is “A study of politeness strategies in the conventional activities of the course book “New Headway”. This journal focused on positive and negative politeness strategies in conversations, with an aim to help the students at Thang Long University to improve their awareness of positive and negative politeness strategies in conventional activities in the course book mentioned above, then apply these strategies in their everyday conversations in English. Politeness is really an important part in all social interactions. The author of this journal aims to investigate and draw out the important role of positive and negative politeness strategies in conversational activities. He applies the theory proposed by Brown and Levinson which contains politeness is interpreted as repressive action taken to counterbalance the disruptive effect of face threatening acts Brown Levinson. 1987 : 4 Delleman 2008 from University of Birmingham, in his journal entitled Question Tags and the Sociolinguistic Factors Determining Linguistic Politeness, Delleman intended to examine, some of the factors that might influence English speakers’ use of linguistic politeness, comparing with a small scale empirical study of data from radio broadcasts, to study how these influences affect the participants’ use of question tags. He presented an overview of Brown and Levinson’s 1987 politeness theory looking more deeply into the contextual issues of politeness and Holmes on the functionality of question tags . He also present the research and data collected