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CHAPTER II REVIEW ON RELATED LITERATURE
A. Review on Writing Skill
1. Definition of Writing Skill
There are several definitions of writing stated by some experts. According to Murcia 1991: 207, writing is an act of communication that requires an
interaction process which takes place between the writer and reader via text. Writing is also a process of discovering and organizing your ideas, putting them
on a paper, reshaping and revising them, stated by Palmer 1994: 5. The next definition is given by Byrne 1997: 1. He states that writing is
producing a sequence of sentences arranged in particular order and linked together in certain ways. A sequence of sentences whether it is short or long after being put
in order and linked together, they will form a coherent whole. This coherent whole is called as text. A text may consist of one paragraph or more. Langan 2001: 5
points out that a paragraph is a short paper of around 150 to 200 words. It usually consists of an opening point called a topic sentence followed by a series of
sentences which support that point. Bell and Burnaby in Nunan 1989: 36 say that writing is an extremely
complex cognitive activity in which the writer is required to demonstrate control of a number of variables simultaneously. At the sentence level these include
control of content, format, sentence structure, vocabulary, punctuation, spelling, and letter formation. Beyond the sentence, the writer must be able to structure and
integrate information into cohesive and coherent paragraphs and texts. In writing, there are numbers of aspects that must be considered to make the information
inside the paragraphs and text cohesive and coherent. From the explanation above, it can be concluded that writing is a complex
activity of producing a sequence of sentences arranged in a particular order and linked together in certain ways that is cohesive and coherent to discover and
organize ideas that requires communicative or interactive process between writer
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and reader, so it is required the control of content, sentence structure grammar, vocabulary, organization, and mechanics punctuation, spelling, and letter
formation. Skill is defined as the ability to do something well Hornby, 2004: 1109.
Students‟ writing ability refers to the student‟s competence in applying the components of writing including content, organization, vocabulary, language use
grammar, and mechanism Jacob, 1981: 60 To summarize, writing skill is the ability to discover and organize ideas
into written form arranged in a particular order and linked together in certain ways by using appropriate conventions including content, organization, vocabulary,
language use grammar, and mechanics.
2. Skills of Writing
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