commit to user 47
5. The Model of Action Research
The action research model used is the model developed by Kemmis and McTaggart in Burns 1999: 32. There are four steps in action research: plan,
action, observation, and reflection. The spiral model can be illustrated as follows.
Action Research Spiral Kemmis McTaggart
6. The Procedures in Action Research
In this classroom action research, each procedure takes some steps that form one cycle. The procedures of action research in this research are as follows.
1. Identifying the problem
The problems are identified first before planning the action. In this step, the researcher identifies the problems occurring in the class.
The problems refer to the factors causing the students difficult to improve their writing skill. To identify the problem, the researcher
observes the teaching learning process, interviews, gives the pre-test and open-ended questionnaires to the students. Observation is done in
commit to user 48
order to know both teacher and students‟ behavior in teaching learning process, teacher technique in teaching writing, and the class
management. Interview with the teacher was to know the teacher difficulties in teaching writing, while interview with students was to
find the students‟ difficulties in writing and their habit in writing class. More, the questionnaires will strength the data validity. Pre test is
done in order to know students writing competence before the action.
2. Implementing the action research
This research is conducted in two cycles. Each cycle uses animation movie as teaching media in writing activity.
According to Kemmis and Mc Taggart in Burns, 1999:32 explain that action research occurs through a dynamic and
complementary process, which consists of four essentials moments: planning, action, observation and reflection. These moments are the
fundamental steps in a spiraling process. Each step is explained as follows.
a. Planning
It includes the following activities: 1
Preparing material, making lesson plan, and designing the steps in doing the action
2 Preparing list of students‟ name and scoring
3 Preparing teaching aids animation movie
4 Preparing sheets of classroom observation to know the situation of
teaching-learning process when the method or technique or mode is applied
5 Preparing a test
b. Action
The included activities were: 1
Giving pretest 2
Teaching in the classroom
commit to user 49
3 Giving occasion to the students to ask any difficulties or problems
4 Asking the students some questions
5 Guiding students to do the task
6 Giving post test
c. Observation
Observation is one of the instruments used in collecting data. The researcher observes the students‟ activities while teaching-learning
process occurs. The results of the observation are recorded on observation sheets as useful data. The researcher is helped by the
teacher to observe students‟ activities and give inputs and suggestions.
d. Reflection
Reflection is a step to reflect the effects of the action as the basis for further planning. Reflecting is needed as the basis for further
planning. In this step the researcher reflects what he has done through a succession of stages so that the students‟ improvement can be
known. 3.
Doing Evaluation The researcher makes an evaluation on the observation result to
find out the strengths and weaknesses during the action. The researcher gives the students pre-test and post-test to ensure that there is an
improvement of the students‟ writing skill. Pre-test is held at the beginning of the first cycle to measure students‟ writing skills before
implementing the action and post-test is held at the end of every cycle to
measure the improvement of students‟ writing skills after the action. After giving the test, the researcher analyzes the result of the test by
scoring it. In scoring the data of writing skill, the researcher uses rubric evaluation of writing. The researcher asks the English teacher of SMA
N 1 Teras to be the second corrector in order to avoid subjectivity of scoring.
commit to user 50
7. Techniques of Collecting Data
Kategori