Completen Conservati o Comfort

DEPARTMENT OF ARCITECTURE ITS SURABAYA September 26, 2013 158 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE GREEN CONCEPT IN ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Factors Built Environment and Planning aspect

2. Completen

ess Ccommunities should be made more complete. A complete community is one in which the segregation of urban activities has been reduced. Social aspect, Community

3. Conservati o

n A third principle of sustainable urbanization — conservation — involves the use of a number of tools in addition to development regulations to protect environmentally sensitive areas. Environmental aspect: tax

4. Comfort

Comfort takes note of the fact that it is important to create public spaces and routes that are pleasant for pedestrians and for non-auto users, such as bicyclists. Environmental aspect:Public spaces 5. Coordinati on Coordination involves joint planning by numerous jurisdictions. One example is creating a land use and transportation plan for Oregons Willamette Valley from Portland to Eugene Land Use, Transportation 6. Collaborat ion Partnership for the Willamette Valleys Future is bringing together Oregon community leaders from many interest sectors in order to establish ongoing dialogue about issues of common concern in the Willamette Valley. Partnership, Source: http:cogeneration.netsustainable-urbanization: International Urban Sustainability Indicators List IUSIL The List IUSIL is used to assist in conducting compartive analysis between available cases. Shen, L-Y, et, al., 2006. Due to the the fact that indicators can be described or measured in different ways, therefore for the purpose of proper analysis the description and units of measurement for the indicators included in IUSIL must be clear and distinct indicators in order to avoid repetitions and netter classification. Table 4 . IUSIL Indicators Category Indicators ENVIRONMENTAL- En1 Geographically balanced settlement En2 Freshwater En3 Wastewater En1-1 Population growth En1-2 Planned settlements En2-1 Proportion of total water resources used En2-2 Water use intensity by economic activity En2-3 Presence of faecal coliforms in freshwater En2-4 Biochemical oxygen demand in water bodies En3-1 Percentage of city population served by wastewater collection GREEN CONCEPT IN ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT OF ARCITECTURE ITS SURABAYA September 26, 2013 159 En4 Quality of ambient air and atmosphere En5 Noise pollution En6 Sustainable land use En7 Waste generation and management En8 Effective and environmentally sound transportation systems En9 Mechanisms to En3-2 Percentage of wastewater receiving noprimarysecondarytertiary treatment En4-1 Number of times the limit values for selected air pollutants are exceeded En4-2 Existence and level of implementation of air quality management plan En4-3 Emissions of greenhouse gases En4-4 Consumption of ozone depleting substances En5-1 Share of population exposed to long-term high level of environmental noise En5-2 Noise levels in selected areas En5-3 Existence and level of implementation of a noise action plan En6-1 Artificial surfaces as a percentage of the total municipal area. En6-2 Extent of derelict and contaminated land En6-3 Number of inhabitants per Km2 En6-4 Quota of new edification taking place on virgin area and quota taking place on derelict and contaminated land in per year. En6-5 Restoration of urban land a Renovation, conversion of derelict buildings b Redevelopment of derelict land for new urban uses c Cleansing of contaminated land En6-6 Protected areas as a percentage of total municipal area En6-7 Land affected by desertification En6-8 Area under organic farming En6-9 Proportion of land area covered by forests En7-1 Percentage of city population with regular solid waste collection En7-2 Percentage of solid waste disposed to sanitary landfillincinerated and burned openlydisposed to open dumprecycledother En7-3 Total solid waste generation per capita En7-4 Generation of hazardous waste En7-5 Waste treatment and disposal En7-6 Management of radioactive waste En8-1 Travel time En8-2 Transport modes En8-3 Energy intensity of transport En9-1 Local environmental plans En9-2 Latest approval date of Master Plan DEPARTMENT OF ARCITECTURE ITS SURABAYA September 26, 2013 160 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE GREEN CONCEPT IN ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENT prepare and implement environmental plans En10 Biodiversity ECONOMIC Ec1 Consumption and production patterns Ec2 Economic development En10-1 Proportion of terrestrial area protected En10-2 Management effectiveness of protected areas En10-3 Area of selected key ecosystems En10-4 Fragmentation of habitats En10-5 Change in threat status of species En10-6 Abundance of selected key species En10-7 Abundance of invasive alien species Ec1-1 Material consumption Ec1-2 Material intensity of the economy Ec1-3 Domestic material consumption Ec1-4 Annual energy consumption, total and by main user category Ec1-5 Share of renewable energy sources in total energy use Ec1-6 Intensity of energy use, total and by economic activity Ec2-1 Macroeconomic performance a Gross domestic product GDP per capita b Gross saving c Investment share in GDP d Adjusted net savings as percentage of gross national income GNI e Inflation rate Ec2-2 Employment a Employment-population ratio b Vulnerable employment c Labor productivity and unit labor costs d Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector Ec2-3 Information and communication technologies a Internet users per 100 population b Fixed telephone lines per 100 population c Mobile cellular telephone subscribers per 100 population Ec2-4 Research and development a Gross domestic expenditure on Research and Development as a percent of GDP Ec2-5 Tourism a Tourism contribution to GDP Ec3-1 Debt service ratio Ec3-2 Tax collected as percentage of tax billed GREEN CONCEPT IN ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT OF ARCITECTURE ITS SURABAYA September 26, 2013 161 Ec3 Finance Ec4 Water Ec5 Strengthen small and microenterprises SOCIAL: So1 Energy Access So2 Water Access So3 Education So4 Health Ec3-3 Own-source revenue as a percent of total revenues Ec3-4 Capital spending as percentage of total expenditures Ec4-1 Price of water Ec4-2 Domestic water consumption per capita Ec5-1 Informal employment So1-1 Percentage of city population with authorized electrical service So1-2 Total electrical use per capita So1-3 Number and duration of electrical interruptions per year per customer So2-1 Percentage of city population with potable water supply service So2-2 Number of interruptions in water service So3-1 Percentage of children completing primary and secondary education So3-2 Percentage of school aged children enrolled in schools by gender So3-3 Studentteacher ratio So4-1 Mortality a Under-five b Mortality rate c Life expectancy at birth d Healthy life expectancy at birth So4-2 Health care delivery a Percent of population with access to primary health care facilities b Contraceptive prevalence rate c Immunization against infectious childhood diseases So4-3 Nutritional status a Nutritional status of children So4-4 Health status and risks a Morbidity of major diseases such as HIVAIDS, malaria, tuberculosis b Prevalence of tobacco use c Suicide rate So5-1 Number of homicides per 100,000 population So5-2 Number of sworn police officers per 100,000 DEPARTMENT OF ARCITECTURE ITS SURABAYA September 26, 2013 162 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE GREEN CONCEPT IN ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENT So5 Safety So6 Fire Emergency Response So7 Poverty So8 Transportation So9 Natural hazards So10 Adequate housing So11 Shelter population So5-3 Violent crime rate per 100,000 population So6-1 Number of firefighters per 100,000 population So6-2 Number of fire related deaths per 100,000 population So6-3 Response time for fire department from initial call So7-1 Income poverty a Proportion of population living below national poverty line b Proportion of population below 1 a day So7-2 Income inequality a Ratio of share in national income of highest to lowest quintile So8-1 Km of transportation system per 100,000 population So8-2 Annual number of public transit trips per capita So8-3 Commercial Air Connectivity So8-4 Average travel speed on primary thoroughfares during peak hours So8-5 Transportation fatalities per 100,000 population So8-6 Number of daily trips and time taken per capita by type of trip and by mode of transport So8-7 Total average daily distance covered per capita by type of trip and by mode of transport So8-8 Mode of transportation used by children to travel between home and school So9-1 Percentage of population living in hazard prone areas So9-2 Human and economic loss due to natural disasters So9-3 Disaster prevention and mitigation instruments So10-1 Durable structures So10-2 Overcrowding So10-3 Right to adequate housing So10-4 Housing price and rent-to-income So11-1 Percentage of city population living in slums So11-2 Area size of informal settlements as a percent of city area and population So12-1 Secure tenure So12-2 Authorized housing So12-3 Evictions GREEN CONCEPT IN ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT OF ARCITECTURE ITS SURABAYA September 26, 2013 163 So12 Security of Tenure So13 Access to credit So14 Access to land So15 Promote social integration and support disadvantaged groups So16 Culture So17 Recreation So18 Availability of local public green areas and local services GOVERNANCE Go1 Participation and civic engagement Go2 Transparent, accountable and efficient governance Go3 Government Go4 Sustainable management of the authorities and businesses So13-1 Housing finance So14-1 Land price -to-income So15-1 Poor households So16-1 Number of cultural establishments per 100,000 population So16-2 City expenditures on culture as a percentage of overall city budget So17-1 Square meters of public recreation facility space per capita So17-2 City expenditures on public recreation as a percentage of overall city budget So18- 1 Citizens‟ access to nearby public green areas and basic services Go1-1 Citizens participation Go1-2 Voters participation Go1-3 Civic associations Go2-1 Transparency and accountability Go3-1 Corruption Go3-2 Percentage of population having paid bribes Go4-1 Share of public and private organizations adopting and using The International Urban Sustainability Indicators List IUSIL is such a holistic and very detailed framework as shown by the long list and could be implemented in the DEPARTMENT OF ARCITECTURE ITS SURABAYA September 26, 2013 164 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE GREEN CONCEPT IN ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENT city that has completed and availability of data. This list is more a quantitative approach and almost all the data should be measured. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Review the framework of sustainability performance indicators The selected frameworks from different point of view has some specific methode and main aspects which is important to be reviewed in describing the holistically approach, as shown at table 5. Table 5: Review the framework of sustainability performance indicators Methode Review Main Aspect Description Multi-Modal Aspects 1. Physical environmental capital. 2. Human Cultural capital 3. Financial institutional capital 4. Governance . 1. This multi modal method is one of the key requirements to be considered in the development of frameworks models and processed to address the evaluation of sustainability 2. It is a more holistic frameworks used as a checklist by the important stakeholders such as designers, planners, official public developers and decision makers which is consist of not only technical assessment of the construction but also ecologically oriented asessment, understanding the historical and cultural significance of the planning asset and its social desirability. Moreover the checklist consist of analyse the financial and economic feasibility, the visual appeal of this new re development and of its flexibility or adaptability as well as the institusional sustainability of the project as well as analysis of the juridical and procedural issues as well as what interest or concern there is in the local agenda of the city and its strategic plan Sustainable Urban Development Policies 1. Dynamic and static Built Environment 1. This methode produce sustainable urban development policies at its practice level by measuring and assessing the sustainability performance with urban sustainability indicators which is used to aid policy making 2. The themen are acessibility and affordability, environmental externalities, resource consumption, travel pattern, location, urban density, urban form and GREEN CONCEPT IN ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT OF ARCITECTURE ITS SURABAYA September 26, 2013 165 design The Six Cs of Sustainable Urbanization 1. Compactness, completeness, conservation, comfort, coordination and collaboration 1. The unique formula in developing sustainable urbanization or sustainable urban living is to be applied to the field of urban planning Internatioanal Urban Sustainability Indicators List IUSIL 1. Environmental Economy, Social and Government 1. The indicators for measurements are very detail and indicate variables to be measured. This variables can be measured in different ways, therefore for the purpose of proper analysis the description and units of in order to avoid repetitions The Implementation of Urban Sustainability Performance in a Case Study This paper discuss also the implemention of the urban sustainability performance as framework for evaluating the city in a case study and Surabaya would be selected by considering the holistic problems not only in physical but also ecological, historical and cultural as well as social . The development of Surabaya 340 km2, 3.2 Mill is rush recently into big settlements, industries and services which have brought positive impact economically. Ecologically Surabaya has still problem in achieving the green open space which is shown by the lacking in the awareness of districts in following the city regulation for green open space which is indicated by the changing of green landuse into settlement and industries. Although the quality of green open space which is managed by the government has already increased but the lacking in quantity is still exist and should be planned carefully. For the year 2009- 2029 the Goverment will plan 6.610 ha 66,10 km2 and it is not sufficient enough for the whole Surabaya which needs approximately 102 km2340 km2. Moreover with a population of more than 3 million and as a center of business, commerce, industry, and education in Eastern Indonesia Surabaya has strong urban attraction, providing an increasing number of residents each year. The study shows that by using the Maximum Likelihood method and with GIS technology overlaying for the years 1990-2009, vegetation and mangrove between the years 1990-2009 in Surabaya shrank very rapidly, from 48 in 1990 to just 10.9 in 2009 Wahid Hasyim, A et al, 2011 as shown by the figure 1. DEPARTMENT OF ARCITECTURE ITS SURABAYA September 26, 2013 166 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE GREEN CONCEPT IN ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Figure 1: The changing in land use area of Surabaya source: Wahid Hasyim, A et al, 2011 The Analyse of Key Question in developing of Urban Sustainability Performance with Case Study Surabaya The selected methode of Urban Sustainability Performance will be used for asessing urban sustainability performance with creating the list as quisionaire to the selected stakeholders. This set of performance indicators will be asked in form of semi structured discusion with the academic, policy makers and experts as well as public. To develope the methode the first step is to analyze those area where urban sustainability performance grading particularly poor by qualitative investigation based on semi structured discussion with different stakeholders and experts.The preparation for making quisionaire should be made with the development of key question from each group og main aspect Physical environmental capital, Human Cultural capital, Financial institutional capital and Governance which is the key question according to this methode can be developed in Surabaya based on the issue of built environment such as: Multi Modal Aspect Key Questions for Case Study Surabaya In order to be sustainable City the following quetions should be answered 1.The numerical modality a How long takes the development process? b How much the cost of the development of existing renewable and unrenewable natural ressource? c How long it takes to gather the community Surabaya in collecting their aspiration in the making of the spatial planning and regulation d How much the redistribution of wealthy by this scheme is. GREEN CONCEPT IN ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT OF ARCITECTURE ITS SURABAYA September 26, 2013 167 Multi Modal Aspect Key Questions for Case Study Surabaya In order to be sustainable City the following quetions should be answered 2. The spatial modality a How is the density of the city Surabaya currently? b Is the density and the urban form suitable for the stakeholder as well as enviromm,entall froendly? c Is the development flexible enough to be considered in the next development? Will the urban form be kept for along time ? Could the existing development be implemented? d How is the role of stakeholders in the decision of the formpattern of building and it‟s regulation?

3. The kinematics