b. Learn new words easily The new words learnt will be easier to remember if they have seen the pictures.
It means that the picture is shown first before the students pronounce and write the word. Another day when the teacher represents something by showing the picture, the
students will recognize the picture, understand and remember it. c. Express ideas easily
Expressing idea is a difficult thing in learning language. Pictures may aid the students in this case, because they can arrange what they want to say. If they forget
what they will say, they can take the picture and they will remember again.
C. The Characteristics of Autistic Students
In designing the materials, it is very important to know the characteristics of the students. By knowing the characteristics of the target students, the design materials
are expected to be appropriate with the students’ needs and can help the students to develop their skills in the teaching-learning process.
Having such consideration, knowing the characteristics of autistic students is very crucial. The autistic students have special characteristics which are different
from the ordinary students. In this section, the writer would like to discuss about the types of Autistm Spectrum Disorders, the main characteristics of autistic students and
the effects in education.
1. The Types of Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Autistic is a person who suffers from Autism Spectrum Disorder which is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests itself in markedly abnormal social
interaction, communication ability, patterns of interests, and patterns of behavior. Autistic people can be classified into several types based on their special
characteristics. In this study, the writer uses three types of autism which represent the main characteristics of the respondents of the study.
a. Early Infantile Autism Early Infantile Autism is a term used to describe a particular developmental
trajectory of autistic. The main characteristic of Early Infantile Autism is they never experience typical neurological development. Certain autistic symptoms are present
from birth, but the most obvious symptoms are only detectable at an age when the child would be expected to start speaking. Most children suffer from this kind of
autistic will ultimately develop very limited or delayed speech. b. Asperger Syndrome
Asperger Syndrome is characterized by defiencies in social and communication skills. Students with Asperger Syndrome may have normal or superior intelligence
and standard language development. Asperger Syndrome is often not identified in early childhood but after puberty or when they are adults.
Students with Asperger Syndrome may show advanced abilities for their age in language, reading, mathematics, or music, but these talents may be counterbalanced
by appreciable delays in the development of other cognitive functions, such as
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Echolalia the repetition or echoing of verbal utterances made by another person,
and Palilalia the repetition of one’s own words. Students with Asperger Syndrome can involve an intense and obsessive level of
focus on things of interest. In pursuit of these interests, Asperger Syndrome students often manifest extremely sophisticated reasoning, an almost obsessive focus, and
remarkably good memory. c. PDD- NOS Pervasive Developmental Disorders- Not Otherwise Specified
PDD-NOS Pervasive Developmental Disorders-Not Otherwise Specified refers to the psychological and behavioral developmental disorders encompassing
many areas of functioning: language and communication, self-help skills, motor coordination, and scholastic achievement.
People with PDD-NOS vary widely in abilities, intelligence, and behaviors. Some people do not speak at all, others apeak limited phrases or conversations, and
some have relatively normal language development. Repetitive play skills and limited social skills are generally evident as well. Unusual responses to sensory information
such as loud noises and lights are also common. However, PDD-NOSs are correlated with poverty, suicides, crimes, and a variety of medical problems.
2. The Specific Characteristics of Autistic Students
