always directly against the protagonist‘s. Thus, since they have conflicting interest in the plot, the protagonist clashed against the antagonist until the conflict is
resolved, whether through violence or peaceful resolution, or perhaps by having the antagonist fled the town, never to be seen again.
The place of conflict in the plot of a story can be seen in Freytag‘s Pyramid structure.
The pyramid structure is a model of plot analysis for five-act play introduced by Gustav Freytag Guerin et al, 2011: 8, albeit it can be used to
analyse novel‘s plot as well. Freytag Pyramid is divided into five different parts: the exposition, rising
action, climax of the plot, the falling action, and the denouement. The exposition provides background information of the story, such as the characters, setting, and
basic conflict before the rest of the story is set in motion with an inciting incident PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
that marks the beginning of rising action. From then on, the basic conflict becomes increasingly more complex with the addition of other conflicts, setbacks,
andor obstacles that serve to frustrate the protagonist even more up until the climax which is the turning point of the story where the protagonist undergo a
major change. Then, the plot enters the falling action where the protagonist either win or lose against the antagonist and a final moment of suspense might be
included within the falling action, during which the final outcome of the story is doubted. Finally, the story is wrapped up in a conclusion. Different terms are used
in referring to this part as comedy ends with denouement where the protagonist is better off than in the beginning of the story while tragedy ends with a catastrophe
in which the protagonist is destroyed in some way Guerin et al, 2011: 8.
3. Theory of Foreshadowing
Foreshadowing as a literary terms is a ―hint or suggestion of what is to
come‖ Barnet, 2008: 103, allowing readers to glimpse at the future events of the story. This means that foreshadowing is a vague clue that can be found in the
story that indicates the readers of upcoming event, character development, or plot progression that will happen later in a story. For example, what may be happen in
the conflict or if the supposed villain is revealed to be innocent later. On the other hand, Cuddon stated that foreshadowing is ―an arrangement
of events and information in such way that later events are prepared for or shadowed forth beforehand and thus, gives structural and thematic unity.
‖ 2013: 285. Thus, there is a unity in the structure and theme of the novel in a way that
the later events happened in the story, such as how the conflict is going to be PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
resolved or how will the character faced his enemy, is already clued in to the readers through connection to earlier scenes and previously given information in
the early part of the novel.
C. Theoretical Framework
In this part, the writer is going to discuss how the reviewed theories are to be used in order to answer the problem formulation.
Firstly, the theory of symbols by Abrams, Arp, and Johnson is used to determine whether creatures found in the novel are truly symbols in accordance to
the repetition and emphasize upon their appearance in the plot and whether they are conventional or personal symbols. Arp and Johnson‘s theory is also used to
determine their meaning as constructed by the context of the novel and thus, answering the first problem formulation. Secondly, the creature symbols found in
the novel are then placed on the Freytag‘s pyramid structure in accordance to their
order of appearance. The theory of foreshadowing is then applied in conjunction with the theory of plot in order to determine which part of the confrontation
happened in the climax each creature symbols foreshadow based on the significance of their appearance and the novel‘s plot progression.
13
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
A. Object of the Study
The object of this undergraduate thesis is the novel Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban by J.K. Rowling. It was written by J.K. Rowling as the third
instalment in her famous Harry Potter series and was first published by Bloomsbury in July 8 1999 to worldwide acclaim.
The novel have won various awards after its publishing, including Nestlé Smarties Book Prize 1999 Gold Medal for 9-11years category, Scottish Arts
Council Children‘s Book Award 1999, overall winner in longer novel category of FCBG Childr
en‘s Book Award 1999, North East Book Award 1999, and Whitaker‘s Platinum Book Award 2001. According to The Guardian, the novel
was sold over 3 million copies by 2012 www.theguardian.com, 24 November 2016, and have been translated into over 60 languages. It was even adapted as a
film of the same title in 2004, directed by Alfonso Cuarón and distributed by Warner Bros.
The Prisoner of Azkaban told the story of Harry Potter in his third year as a student of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. It first took place
during a summer holiday in Privet Drive number 4 where Harry lived with his dreadful relatives, the Dursleys. After he accidentally caused his uncle‘s sister to
puff like a balloon, Harry promptly left the house to return once more into the magical world.
