CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
This chapter covers three main parts. The first part is the subject of the study. The second part is the approach of the study. Then the third part is the
method of the study. The subject of the study describes the description of the work analyzed and what the work is generally about. The second part reveals the
approach used in analyzing the subject of this study. In the last part, the way taken in analyzing the subject of this study is described.
3.1 Subject of the Study
The subject of this study is Jonathan Livingston Seagull, a fable in novelette, written by Richard Bach with photographs by Russell Munson. First
published in 1970 by Avon Books and it became a favorite on American university campuses. By the end of 1972, over a million copies were in print and
the book reached the top of the New York Times bestseller list where it remained for 38 weeks. Moreover, in 1973 Bachs Jonathan Livingston Seagull inspired the
production of a motion picture of the same title wikipedia. Jonathan Livingston Seagull tells the readers about a seagull learning
about perfection in order to be able to be perfect in flying as his achievement of life. The novelette begins with his passion for flight that makes him banished to a
solitary life on the far cliffs; he is excluded from his flock. Here, the readers can see his change as he learns to solve his fear and doubt; to learn to rely on himself.
19 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Then, Jonathan is met by two seagulls who take him to a higher place where he meets other seagulls who love to fly. Here, the readers can see his
learning process in achieving his being able to be perfect in flying with the help of his highly experienced teacher, Chiang. Jonathan’s learning process in perfection
to achieve his being able to be perfect in flying becomes the interesting thing to know how learning in perfection influence one’s achievement.
3.2 Approach of the Study
The approaches used in analyzing this study were psychological approach and moral-philosophical approach. According to Lewis Leary’s A Study and
Research Guide, a psychological approach is an approach that applies principles of modern psychology to characters or situations within a literary work or to the
person who wrote that work 57. The focus of this study is on some principles of modern psychology to character within a literary work. Therefore, I used
psychological approach to examine the Jonathan character that showed some principles of modern psychology that is learning process and need for
achievement. On the other hand, a literary work is also known as a work that teaches
morality and or promotes philosophical issues. According to Guerin the basic position of literature is to teach morality and to probe philosophical issues. They
would interpret literature within a content of the philosophical thought of a period or group 29. Since the novelette of Jonathan Livingston Seagull shows the issue
of perfection as its moral issue, I used moral-philosophical approach to find how 20
perfection as the content of Jonathan’s learning process influencing his achieving in being able to be perfect in flying.
3.3 Method of the Study
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