Problem Formulation Objectives of the Study Benefits of the Study Definition of Terms

1.2 Problem Formulation

Based on the novelette and the background, the writer formulated these problems as follows: 1. What is perfection as reflected in the character of Jonathan Livingston Seagull? 2. How does learning in perfection affect one’s achievement as reflected in the character of Jonathan Livingston Seagull?

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The objectives of this study are to answer the two problems above: 1. To find out what perfection is as reflected in the character of Jonathan Livingston Seagull 2. To find out how learning in perfection affects one’s achievement as reflected in the character of Jonathan Livingston Seagull.

1.4 Benefits of the Study

This study is expected to be beneficial for the readers and the students. Through literary work, readers can learn and enrich their knowledge about values of life as reflected in its characters. This will stimulate and invite people’s emotional and intellectual involvement and response toward the novel Roberts and Jacobs 2. As a result it influences human’s mind. Considering this aspect, hopefully, by learning the aspects of life of learning in perfection affecting one’s achievement, readers can understand the important points that can support a 3 successful achievement as reflected in Jonathan’s successful achievement of being perfect in flying. For the students, this study hopefully contributes in encouraging them to take literature as a medium that can give pleasure and especially give understanding of values of life supporting their achievements. Furthermore, students can apply and practice the concept of learning in perfection in achieving their goal of life besides the opportunity to practice the skill to understand a literary work.

1.5 Definition of Terms

It is important to know the terms of learning, perfection, learning in perfection and need for achievement in this study because they are significant. They are: 1. According to Hergenhahn’s definition: “Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavioral potentiality that occurs as a result of experience or practice” 2. In this study, the term of learning is used to analyze and describe the process of Jonathan’s learning in achieving his being able to be perfect in flying. 2. Human perfection is the completeness and actualization of human person who finds in existence Cronan 23-24. This term of perfection is used to explain how perfection as the content of Jonathan’s learning process influencing his achieving in being able to be perfect in flying. 4 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 3. Based on the definitions of learning and perfection above, so learning in perfection means a relatively permanent change in behavioral potentiality that occurs as a result of experience or practice of completeness and actualization of human person who finds in existence. In this study, this term of learning in perfection is used to analyze how learning in perfection influences Jonathan’s achievement of being perfect in flying. 4. According to Murray need for achievement is a desire or tendency to overcome obstacles, to exercise power, to strive to do something difficult as well and as quickly as possible Beck 317. In this study, the term of need for achievement is used to explain Jonathan’s achievement of being able to be perfect in flying. 5

CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL REVIEW