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Table 1. Factorial Design
Main Effect
S imple Effect A
1
A
2
B
1
A
1
B
1
A
2
B
1
B
2
A
1
B
2
A
2
B
2
A
1
A
2
C. Population, Sample and Sampling
Johnson and Christensen 2000: 158 say that population is the set of all elements. The population may be all the individual of particular type
or a more restricted part of that group all public school teacher. The population of this research is the fourth semester of TBI students in
STAIN Zawiyah Cot Kala Langsa 2009-2010 academic year. It consists of four classes 166 students.
A sample is a set of elements taken from a larger population according to certain rules Christensen 2000: 158. The sample used in the
research is two classes of TBI 1 40 students and TBI 3 40 students. TBI 3 is experimental class and the other is control class.
According to Kelley, et al. in Rashid and M ansur 2007: 246 ―
Pembagian kelompok yang paling stabil, sensitif, dan paling banyak digunakan dengan menentukan 27 kelompok atas dan 27 kelompok
bawah
”
.
It means the writer takes 27 from experiment class 40
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students and 27 from control class 40 students for students who have high and low level of intelligence.
The writer uses cluster random sampling to get the sample. Arikunto 2006:133 suggests that the sample can be used if the number of
the population is too large to be observed wholly. Considering the number of population the technique of cluster random sampling is used to take the
samples. Each class is divided into two groups, students who have high level of intelligence and the students who have low level of intelligence.
One of the classes is taught by the reciprocal teaching model and the other is taught by the direct instructional model. So, there are four groups: 1
students with high intelligence who are taught by reciprocal teaching model; 2 students with high intelligence who are taught by direct
instructional model; 3 students with low intelligence who are taught by reciprocal teaching model; and 4 students with low intelligence who are
taught by direct instructional model.
D. Technique of Collecting Data.
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