44 first word was an Indonesian word
aku
, the other was an English word hungry. Since it only consisted of two words, it could not be identified whether the
Indonesian word
aku
was inserted into English structure, or the English word hungry was inserted into
Bahasa Indonesia
structure. Another interesting example is utterance number 11 in table 4.5, Mama
lagi
cooking
-
cooking. This
utterance consisted of three words, but it was included in two-word insertion because the word cooking-cooking is not a standard word in English. The writer
assumes that Rose might have wanted to say Mama
lagi
cooking because her mother was cooking when she created this utterance. Therefore, it is clearly
identified as two-word insertion.
b. Alternation
According to Muysken 2000, alternation happens when some words from one language are followed by some words from another language. However,
alternation does not only insert some words but also involves the grammar of both languages p. 7. Poplack 1980 believes that for this reason, it is possible for any
bilingual speaker to start a sentence in one language and finish it in another language as cited by Romaine 1995, p. 123.
The following table shows Roses noted alternational utterances during the research.
Table 4.6 Roses Alternational Utterances No.
Date Code-mixed Utterances
1. March 3, 2013
Ayo
, Ma. Its hot. 2.
April 25, 2013 I cut
dulu ya
. 3.
April 27, 2013 I want
makan ini
. 4.
Aku mau
like baby.
45 As can be seen in table 4.6 on the previous page, Rose began utterance
number 1 and 4 with
Bahasa Indonesia
, which were then ended in English. In utterance number 2 and 3, she started in English, but finished them in
Bahasa Indonesia
. This fact shows that the type of all code-mixed utterances in table 4.6 is alternation.
However, let us see how these alternational utterances differ from insertion by analyzing utterance number 17 in table 4.4,
Gak mau
go inside. This utterance was also started in
Bahasa Indonesia
and finished in English. However, it was included in the type of insertion with
Bahasa Indonesia
as the Matrix Language ML instead of being included in alternation. Utterance number 17 was
included in insertion because it did not involve the grammar of both languages as an alternational utterance should. The English words go inside were only inserted
into the structure of
Bahasa Indonesia
. The words go inside are a phrasal verb. As insertional code-mixing can carry the insertion of a whole phrase Cantone,
2007, p. 69, utterance number 17 is included in insertion, instead of alternation. On the other hand, all the utterances in table 4.6 involves the grammar of both
languages, hence alternation.
c. Congruent Lexicalization
