5 The second objective is to see how lesbian feminism is portrayed within
Celie‘s opinions and behavior. This objective is the most pivotal objective due to the fact that this objective can decide whether Celie‘s opinions and behavior can
be seen as an act of lesbian feminism. Without result of this objective, the third objective has no need for delving.
The last objective is to see how Celie‘s act of lesbian feminism can be
considered as a rebellion against society‘s expectation during Celie‘s time. In order to achieve this objective, there are a couple of things that need defining.
D. Benefits of the Study
There are many benefits that can be gained from this study, especially for the researcher. By conducting this study, the researcher can further understand the
concept of characterization and how to define a character based on certain factors. The researcher will understand better not only about characterization but also of
lesbian-feminism. The researcher has a little understanding regarding lesbian feminism despite of her interest in feminism. By researching one the branches of
feminism, the researcher will gain more knowledge of feminism and therefore making her one step closer to the concept of feminism. Another concept the re-
searcher will also understand better is the concept of rebellion. Such benefits will be gained not only by the researcher but also by the
readers. By reading this study, the readers will learn about the existence of lesbian-feminism, something that many are not aware of unless they are studying
literature. By using lesbian-feminism as one of the concepts in this study, it is PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
6 hoped that the awareness and interest of lesbian-feminism from the readers are
sparked. The concept of rebellion will also be exposed to the readers. With the explanation of rebellion in this study, the readers will gain a better understanding
about rebellion. When lesbian feminism and rebellion are understood better by the readers, it is hoped that the readers will be interested about the two topics and
delve further the concepts that are related to lesbian feminism and rebellion.
E. Definition of Terms
There are three important terms that will be used often in this study. The three major terms are society‘s expectation, lesbian, and rebellion.
1. Society’s Expectation
According to McLeod 2013, there are two types of society‘s expectation;
society roles and society norms. Social roles are the roles that are assigned to each member of society. Once a member of society is given that role, he is expected to
behave in accordance to the expectation given to that role. Meanwhile, social norms are the standards of behavior that are supposed
to be obeyed by the members of society. The purpose of social norms is to create order and to predict people‘s behavior McLeod 2013. This research will focus
on society‘s expectations during Celie‘s time and how Celie responds to it.
2. Lesbian-Feminism
Lesbian-feminism is one of the feminist movements who channel their energies toward each other, to other women Rich 1980, p. 650. Lesbian
feminists believe that heterosexuality is partially responsible for the inequality PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
7 between the two sexes in this world, as what Rich 1980 explains for
heterosexuality as the cause of inequality: ―Woman-identification is a source of energy, a potential springhead of
female power, violently curtailed and wasted under the institution of heterosexuality. The denial of reality and visibility to womens passion for
women, womens choice of women as allies, life companions, and community; the forcing of such relationships into dissimulation and their
disintegration under intense pressure have meant an incalculable loss to the power of all women to change the social relations of the sexes, to liberate
ourselves and each other.
‖ p. 657
As it can be seen, lesbian feminism is a way for women to share each other‘s pain
and joy so that they can create a better life for themselves.
3. Rebellion
There are differences between revolution and rebellion. Despite of people‘s misunderstanding, rebellion is something different from revolution.
Revolution is an organized effort by an organized group to change something through force and violence. However, rebellion is the opposite of that. According
to Osho 2013, p. 11, rebellion is an individual effort. A rebellion has an aim, but it focuses on the individual who is doing the rebellion because
: ―Rebellion is not oriented against the society, but is orie
nted towards a new man, a new humanity.‖ Osho, 2013, p. 8. This research uses rebellion to see how Celie goes against
society‘s expectation and how Celie does it through the rebellion. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
8
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED THEORIES
This chapter has three parts. They are review of related studies, review of related theories, and theoretical framework. In review of related studies, some
studies of The Color Purple are mentioned briefly. Review of related theories provides theories that are relevant for the study. Theoretical framework briefly
discusses how the theories are used in this research and in what aspects the theories are used.
A. Review of Related Studies
There are three researches that had been conducted by English Education students on the novel The Color Purple, specifically the main character Celie. The
first research is Setyorini‘s “Feminism Portrayed in the Main Character, Celie, in Alice Walker’s The Color Purple”. It focuses on Celie‘s character development
and how the development fits into the definition of feminism. The second research is
Setyoningrum‘s “An Analysis of Celie’s Personality Development in Alice Walker’s The Color Purple”. The research
focuses on Celie‘s character development as a whole and how her character changes as the story progresses.
The last is Setyabudi‘s “Womanism in Alice Walker’s Novel The Color
Purple”. In this paper, the researcher focuses on an aspect called womanism. Womanism is the expectation of things women are supposed to do, from
