11 4
Conversation of others: A character‘s personality can also be known
through other people‘s words. The conversation about the character from other characters can be used to characterize the person p. 167
5 Reactions:
A character‘s reaction through various events and things that happened in the story can be used to give more understanding regarding the
character p. 168. 6
Thoughts: a character can be explored through the inner thought of the character himself p. 171
– 172.
2. Patriarchy
Most people know the term patriarchy as a family system where the father is the head of the family, the highest ruling person within the family. However,
patriarchy is more than a system within the family. It is a situation where men dominate women in many aspects, with family being one of those aspects Milett
2000, p. 33. According to some scholars, patriarchy has more than one form. Along
with Millett‘s definition of patriarchy, Firestone 1972 claims a biological base as the reason of men‘s dominion over women. According to Pilcher and Wheleham,
Marxist feminists, patriarchy happens within society in the form of labor. Marxist feminists believe that patriarchy happens due to the labor manipulation within the
house, where women are not paid when they work in the house Pilcher Wheleham, 2004, p. 50. There are many different views and perspectives on
patriarchy, but they have one thing in common – men‘s dominion over women.
12 Due to the many different forms of perspectives on patriarchy, there needs
to be a set of standard to define and recognize patriarchy within the society. For this reason, Walby 1991 defines six aspects of society where patriarchy can be
observed, to prove whether patriarchy exists within that society or not. The six aspects are paid employment, household production, culture, sexuality, violence,
and state. a. Paid Employment
In this section, Walby explores how patriarchy can be seen in the workplace. She believes that more and more women are entering the workforce,
something that could hardly be seen before. However, despite of that, inequality between men and women still happen. She believes that inequality between the
two genders appear in other forms such as payment, specific access, and others. She claims
that ―women are gaining access to the public sphere of paid employment, but subordinated to men within it‖ p. 59.
b. Household Production Household production focuses more on women‘s decision on getting
married and doing domestic works. Walby believes that gender gap between men and women is starting to diminish. More men are doing domestic labor, and
women are no longer bound to their husbands until death. Divorce rates are increasing, and more women spend their time outside their house. Unfortunately,
the recent shift in gender gives a little benefit for women because society‘s
evolution is slow. Walby has said, ―in a patriarchally-structured labour market,
