Problem Formulation Objectives of the Study

8

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED THEORIES

This chapter has three parts. They are review of related studies, review of related theories, and theoretical framework. In review of related studies, some studies of The Color Purple are mentioned briefly. Review of related theories provides theories that are relevant for the study. Theoretical framework briefly discusses how the theories are used in this research and in what aspects the theories are used.

A. Review of Related Studies

There are three researches that had been conducted by English Education students on the novel The Color Purple, specifically the main character Celie. The first research is Setyorini‘s “Feminism Portrayed in the Main Character, Celie, in Alice Walker’s The Color Purple”. It focuses on Celie‘s character development and how the development fits into the definition of feminism. The second research is Setyoningrum‘s “An Analysis of Celie’s Personality Development in Alice Walker’s The Color Purple”. The research focuses on Celie‘s character development as a whole and how her character changes as the story progresses. The last is Setyabudi‘s “Womanism in Alice Walker’s Novel The Color Purple”. In this paper, the researcher focuses on an aspect called womanism. Womanism is the expectation of things women are supposed to do, from 9 responsibilities to knowledge. Womanism is commonly practiced in black culture, which fits Celie since she is an Afro-American. For this reason, the research delves further on the aspe ct of womanism and how it affects Celie‘s life. This research is different from the three mentioned above. Although this research foc uses on Celie‘s character, it sees the development of Celie‘s character through the aspect of lesbian feminism. Moreover, this research also focuses on Celie‘s rebellious act, which is one of the pivotal moments in the novel.

B. Review of Related Theories 1. Theory of Character Characterization

a. Theory of Character Characters and characterizations are two things that are important in a literature work, as a novel revolves around the character. According to Abrams, characters are the people who are written and represented in the literary work. A character‘s qualities are interpreted by the readers through their actions, words, and expressions Abrams 1998, p. 20. There are two kinds of characters; major characters and minor characters. Most of the time, major characters are the characters who are mostly involved in major events that lead to the progress of the story, while minor characters are characters that appear briefly to sharpen the major characters‘ developments Abrams 1998, p. 20. As it can be seen, major characters are important aspects of a literary work that should be delved further. It is in accordance to He nkle‘s opinion of main PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI