CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background The scientific study of a language is called Linguistics while the people who
specialize their research on language is called Linguist. The word linguistics is derived from the Latin Lingua, which means language. It is to describe and explain
the structure of language used by a group of people, but what we are talking here is apparently about general language in detail.
Linguistics itself is divided into two parts known as macro and micro linguistics. Macro Linguistics deals with the relation of the language with all the
aspects beyond of the language itself. For example: social factors, psychology, anthropology, and neurology. Meanwhile Micro Linguistics deals with the internal
structure of language like the structure of phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon.
Psycholinguistics itself is included in macro linguistics. The word of Psycholinguistics is formed by two words mainly Psychology and Linguistics. Both
of them are different but they have similarity that concern with language as the formal object. However, the objects of material between Psychology and Linguistics
are different. Linguistics deals with the structure of language while Psychology concern with the process or behaviour of the people in using language.
Some of linguists have made their own definitions of psycholinguistics in different points of view:
Lackanger in Umar and Napitupulu: 36 cites: “Psycholinguistics is the study of language acquisition and lingusitc behaviour, as well as the psychological
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mechanism responsible for them.” The definition above emphasizes on the limitation of language acquisition and linguistic behaviour. The acquisition of language is
closely concerned with the language learning, otherwise, linguistic behaviour relates to the process of competence and performance. The process of competence and
performance are at all times, with other words, the mechanism of psychology has a very important role.
Hartlet in Umar and Napitupulu: 35 cites: “Psycholinguistics investigates the interrelation of language in mind in processing and producing utterances and
language acquisition.” What we can take in this statement in how acquisition of language works. It is the process of how can we get known the process occurs and it
has meaningful unit, which furthermore can be understood by hearer. Stern 1983: 296 cites: “Psycholinguistics deals directly with the process of
encoding and decoding as they relate states of message to state communicators.” This definition stresses on the process of encoding and understanding to the codes
delivered between speaker and listener. These processes, decoding and encoding take place in human mind. The speaker and listeners hold an important role in this case.
The speaker delivers his or her messages in codes, later on, the listener will try to perceive the meaning codes. That is the reason why it needs mutual understanding
between speaker and listener. Whether it is viewed from psychology and linguistics, these elements cannot
be separated from each other. Since it is based upon these elements, we can see that speaker may be successful in their speech. They can know their weakness further;
they can develop their knowledge especially in speaking. Automatically, their
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audience will be interested in their speech. This is the tool of a speaker to give some influence their audience when giving them information.
As the topic is related to psycholinguistics, so the writer would like to tell a little bit about psycholinguistics in the next chapter.
From this statement, the writer tries to identify speech errors. The writer wants to analyze the speech errors made by the Reporter and Guest Stars of
“INDONESIA THIS MORNING” News Program.
1.2 Scope of Analysis
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