Metode perbanyakan bahan tanaman kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) secara konvensional dan kultur jaringan di Unit Usaha Marihat, Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit, Sumatera Utara
METODE PERBA
SAWIT (Elaeis guin
DA KULTUR JA
PUSAT PE ELITIA
M.
DEPARTEME
I ST
ERBA YAKA BAHA TA AMA KELA
guineensis Jacq.) SECARA KO VE SIO
UR JARI GA DI U IT USAHA MARIH
LITIA KELAPA SAWIT, SUMATERA UT
. AZHRI A
AS JAMBAK
A24060583
ME AGRO OMI DA HORTIKULTUR
FAKULTAS PERTA IA
I STITUT PERTA IA BOGOR
2011
i
KELAPA
SIO AL
RIHAT,
RA UTARA
(2)
ii
RI GKASA
M. AZHRI A AS JAMBAK. Metode Perbanyakan Bahan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) secara Konvensional dan Kultur Jaringan di Unit Usaha Marihat, Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit, Sumatera Utara. (Dibimbing oleh AHMAD JU AEDI).
! "
" " #
$ # %
" % "
" "
! "
! &
# % assisted pollination " in vitro !
' (' " #
#
)* " !
% "
! #
" " "
# % " ! +
# "
,
!(-.!/ ! 0
" - % "
-- " "
(3)
iii
METODE PERBA YAKA BAHA TA AMA KELAPA
SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) SECARA KO VE SIO AL
DA KULTUR JARI GA DI U IT USAHA MARIHAT,
PUSAT PE ELITIA KELAPA SAWIT, SUMATERA UTARA
"
1 + &
M. AZHRI A
AS JAMBAK
A24060583
DEPARTEME AGRO OMI DA HORTIKULTURA
FAKULTAS PERTA IA
I STITUT PERTA IA BOGOR
2011
(4)
iv
, METODE PERBA YAKA BAHA TA AMA KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) SECARA KO VE SIO AL DA KULTUR JARI GA DI U IT USAHA MARIHAT, PUSAT PE ELITIA KELAPA SAWIT, SUMATERA UTARA
2 ,M. AZHRI A AS JAMBAK
2+ ,A24060583
" 3
Dr. Ir Ahmad Junaedi, MSi IP. 19681101 199302 1 001
3 4 0
1 + &
Dr. Ir. Agus Purwito, M.Sc.Agr IP. 19611101 198703 1 003
(5)
v
RIWAYAT HIDUP
& 2 +
4 6 ! %
'77!
32 ((7
! 5 ( 65 2 *
. 42 ! 5 .
+ & " +
+ & ) 3
4 0 1 + &!
" $
0+ 489:2 0
4 " $ 3 % 3
3 "
3 3 0;9&46<** 1 93 1 9 3
$ 3 % : 4
: 3 + 4 + & + 4
" 3 % 3 !
% 7 '! 5
" 4 3
(6)
vi
KATA PE GA TAR
" " 0 4 =5
-2
! “Metode Perbanyakan Bahan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) secara Konvensional dan Kultur Jaringan di Unit Usaha Marihat, Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit, Sumatera Utara”
$ + !
3 % +
3 % & 5
-&05 !
" % “Pengujian Perbandingan
Hasil Bobot Tandan dan Jumlah Biji per Tandan antara Anak Daun ormal dengan Anak Daun Menggulung pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit”
! 3
,
! 4 2 + 4 6
#
!
! 3 ! + ! 4 !
% !
(! + ! 3 3 !
3 4 0 + &!
*! 3 ! + ! 4 ! #!4 3 ! 3 !
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(7)
vii
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(8)
viii
DAFTAR ISI
0 341549 54&;6!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!A 341549 84 &49 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!A 341549 64 +942 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! A
;2340 6 42 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
6 & ... 1
5 " ... 3
5+2 4 42 54 4!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!* & 5 ... 4
5 5 ... 6
& ... 7
... 8
5 & ... 8
... 9
; ... 11
5 ... 11
;5:3; 48428 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ( 5 = ... 13
... 13
3 ... 13
4 3 ... 14
;43442 6: 4 + 48428!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! / " ... 15
B ... 17
: ... 17
6 6 8 $ ... 18
5 ... 18
04 +6 ;64 42442 ;8+4542 48428!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! & 5 ... 21
& 5 # % ... 26
& 5 # ... 38
; &404 42 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!/ & 5 ... 51
5 " ... 53
0 & 5 ... 54
& 5 ... 56
" & 5 & " 5 4 3 2 4 3 5 ... 58
(9)
ix
; + 642 342 4942 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!. ... 60 ... 60 341549 54 4 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!. 64 +942 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.*
(10)
x
DAFTAR TABEL
2 0
! 5 5 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! 6
- !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
(! 5
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*
*! 5 & !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*(
/! 5 4 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*7 .! 0 " - & " 5 & 5
(11)
xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR
2 0
! & & !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!/
! 5 5 & 5 5 C !!!!!!!!.
(! : !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! '
*! Reciprocal Recurrent Selection! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! /
/! & , & 3
& 3 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ) .! & 3 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 7
)! 5 , 5
5 5 # & Pulper
& 5 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ' 7! & & 3 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(
'! & & , & &
& & # & & 3 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!(
! & & !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!((
! 6 & & 3 !!!!!!!(*
! 5 , 5 3
6 + !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(/
(! & , 5 6 # # 5
# & Turbo Vertical.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(.
*! C & !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!()
/! : , :
3 : # : = 4 !!!!!!!!!!!('
.! # # 4 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*
)! 4 , Autoclave & Autoclave # !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*
7! 3 & !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*
'! + , ; 4 ; (* !!!!!!!!!!!!!**
! 5 /7 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*/
! 5 ; , 8 5
# 5 D !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*. ! + 4 -9 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*) (! 5 4 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*)
(12)
xii
*! 5 4 , Planlet 5 9 !!!!!!!!!!*7
/! & 5 Pre ursery!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*' .! & 5 Main ursery!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*'
)! # 5 *- ' !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!/*
(13)
xiii
DAFTAR LAMPIRA
2 0
! 4 3 2 4 3 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!./
! B !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!..
(! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.'
*! 4 = & 5 #
% Assisted Pollination !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)/
/! 4 = & 5 #
In Vitro !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!).
.! 5 " 3 % + !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!))
)! 5 " 3 % !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!))
7! # 5 * E ' !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)7 '! 3 $ 0 # & !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)7
! 9 & 5 & " 5 4
(14)
PE DAHULUA
Latar Belakang
"
% + ! C
+ #
3 ) !
+
! 7 C : + # ) /(' )77
# ' 7** ' ! 6
7 ) (.( 7*) "
) 7 * . ( 3 !
!
" " " !
! ( - *
! + %
!
$ $
" !
" 7 !
+ !
9+ 2 ! &-( D . D 5 D/D '7*!
+
(15)
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3
! 3 (.* " + 7 F
! )
!
/ " # $ !
" +: 9+
! 6 '' "
" Institut de Recherches pour les Huiles et
Oleagineux +90: " '7
'7/! "
'7. '7)
4# 9 & &
- !
" "
% !
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection 99 Family
and Individual Palm Selection 1+ $ - $
# ! %
'7*- '7/ ! ) %
3A /* 3A ) 7 3 !
" " !5
# "
Center de Coopération Internationale en Recherche
Agronomique pour le Développement'Cultures Pérennes C+943-C #
6 '' ! ; "
! 3 #
$ true'to'type !
(16)
-(
! "
" !
" % G " 0
& 5 & " 5 4 3 2
4 3 5 H ! ;%
"
"
!
Tujuan
"
" " # $
# % assisted pollination
" in vitro !
% "
" "
(17)
*
TI JAUA PUSTAKA
Botani Tanaman Kelapa Sawit
3 $
$ # !
C 6 ! 7
$ ,
3 % ,Embryophyta Siphonagama
,Angiospermae
: ,Monocotyledonae
1 ,Aracaceae Palmae
$ ,Cocoideae
8 ,Elaeis
, !E. guineensis #@ !E. oleifera 0!&! C (!E. odora!
Elaeis guineensis #@! # $
" "
" ! 9 > ''* "
! "
I ) - " !
" I / ! 3
" # ! 5
I
I ( !
3 "
" " "
" # )!/-' !
# / -* !
monocious "
(18)
/
"
I . !
! &
8 ,
! 6 Epicarpium !
! 6 Mesocarpium
C : JCrude Palm Oil !
(! 6 Endocarpium :
JPalm Kernel Oil!
8 ! & &
3 " kernel ,
! " Spermodermis # sheel!
! 5 Funiculus!
(! + " ucleus seminis !
3 #
! 3 #
9 > ''* !
6 ''
7 E "
/-*- ! 4
" / # -*
! &
# !
; #
#
(19)
.
/-(/
# - !
Tipe Tanaman Kelapa Sawit
" " .
" " # $
8 !
8 ! 5 5 & 5 5 C
! 5 3
5 # -# mesokarp #
endokarp -7 endosperm # #
! (/-. F )- 7 F!
! 5 $
5 # -#
# # # ! + #
!
! &
$ ! K
K !
(! 5 5
5 $ ! $
$ ! 5
(20)
)
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6 '' #
$ > ! % -%
,
A F
A $ F
A / F L / F
A $ / F L / F $
A / F L / F L / F $
&
3 $ ! & %
( F ! 0
$ hybrid vigor A $ !
6 $
$
female steril !
"
# % $ "
. !
Pembungkusan Bunga
5 #
! "
# ! 5 " "
6 '' !
" #
(21)
7
! " !
- / ! 5
)
6 '' !
Penyerbukan
4
- #
! . F
- ! &
6 '' !
& / ! &
! 5 " ! 5
! &
! " "
stalk
- 6
'' !
Panen Tandan Benih
5 . - ./ !
! 4 "
" ! 5
# ! 6
(22)
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!
" ,
- 5
!
- 5 #
% !
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- 8 Tirathaba sp. Marasmius sp.
6 ''( !
Perbanyakan Kultur Jaringan
"
9 # # ') !
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9 # ').
! %
# % $! 3
$ " ,
A
$ !
A
3 $ infertile!A 3 Elaeis melanococca #
(23)
"
# /-( F % #
# . - F - !
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D D ! 0
" # %
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D # ( !
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6 '' " #
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% ( -( !
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- & -( F!
- !
- sex ratio # ' F!
- " andromorphic
!
- " sex ratio
)/!7F ).!*F " andromorphic!
- ( sex ratio # F
" 7 !(F " !
- # " "
(24)
Sumber Eksplan
"
inflorescence !
-! ;
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$ !
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!
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8 1
( !
Metode Kultur Jaringan
5 #
"
C+943-C # 6 '' ! ;
" ! 3
# $ true'to'type .
5 "
(25)
5 ! 5 5
Fenomena Tahapan Waktu (bulan)
"
;
-( - *
rhizogenesis
E *
4
hardening prenursery
(26)
-(
METODE MAGA G
Tempat dan Waktu
- !
Metode Pelaksanaan
" $
! 3 #
#
% " # $
- $ !
3 % G " " "
H % # # random sampling &
& & %
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# - ) !
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Pengamatan dan Pengumpulan Data
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% ( # "
"
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# "
(27)
*
Analisis Data
4 $ $! 0
#
- !
-" ! 3 % G "
" "
H " " - $ /F
(28)
/
KEADAA UMUM LOKASI MAGA G
Sejarah Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Unit Marihat
C .
' . Algemeene Proefstation der 4B9: 4 4 ! 4B9:
Alegemeene Vereniging Van Rubber Planters ter Oostkust van Sumatera
" & ! 0
-4 -4 #
! 3 ++
'/ GDeli Planters VerenigingH!
9 +
- & !
'/) 4B9: " 8
84 ;9 ! 4 4 &
84 ;9 9+ 4 Research Institute of the Sumatera
Planters Association! &
2 ! *)D D/) 3 '/) 9+ 4
9+
& : !
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&
3 2 + ! ! +M
9+ 2 ! (/(D D: D D '.7 3 '.7! ')
& 3
& Cess
9+ 2 ! / (D D: D D ') /
3 ') ! " " 4 '). 9+ 4 4 &2
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3 9+
(29)
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3 0 4 (+ 2 !
7*D D3 0DM++D' * 3 ''
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4 + "
4 +
3 !
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! % D
(30)
)
Visi dan Misi
Visi PPKS
! " world'class institution
" # !
! " Center of Excellence " #
" !
(! " # business research
#
$ !
Misi PPKS
!
$ $ $ !
! "
" D
!
(! 3 "
D !
*!
" #
!
Struktur Organisasi
3 &
& D 3 &
! & "
5
& 5 5
(31)
7
; " 6
;
-! & D 3
3 0 4
9 5 ! &
6 !
&
# ! 3 3
+ +
" 3 !
" 8 (!
Lokasi dan Letak Geografis
N//< 6
''N /< & " 5 (.' "
(/ ! 0 " - 7*
NC 'NC " > 0
-/! -.! ! & !
Keadaan Tanaman
" 5 2 +B! 6
()! 7 # ! ) )!
! 3 3 % + "
$
! ! 4 # ! !
3 - ) ( "
$ 7) ! ! 3
(32)
'
8 (! :
DIREKTUR
Ka. Bidang Penelitian Ka. Biro
Umum/ SDM
Ka. Bidang Usaha Ka. Satuan Usaha
Strategis Bahan Tanaman
Ka. Urusan Satuan Pengawas Internal
- 5
- & 5
- 5 4
- Engineering
6
- 5
- 0
- ;
- ! 3 O
0
- ! 4
O
- ! 9
5
- ! - !
- ! O
- !
- ! 6 O
- BreedingD 9 O 3
- +
-- PCDP;
- O
6
(33)
" 5 !
% '7*- '7/ !
) % 3A /*
3A ) 7 6 !
5 ! 6
&
-o Lokasi Jumlah Pohon
Pohon Ibu Pohon Bapak
! )/* *
! 4 # *).
( ! & 7
* ! 3 - 9 / *.
Total 7032 187
(34)
HASIL PELAKSA AA KEGIATA MAGA G
, % - %
# % assisted pollination 3 % +
# " in vitro
3 % ! "
% G " 0 & 5
& " 5 4 3 2 4 3
5 H! " 6 (!
Standar Seleksi Pengadaan Bahan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit PPKS Skema Seleksi. 3
!
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection 99 Family and Individual Palm Selection 1+ !
D $ !
99 8 *
# combining ability % 4 &
# ,
8 4 3 "
!
8 & $ 5
$ # !
5 - 4
& " "
comparative trial/ progeny test! "
$ $ lini %
- $
(35)
- selfing , 3A3
3 5A5 5A 5 et al., '') !
et al '') 99
!
" " - "
!
-selfing Specific
Combining AbilityD C4 # !
D $ !
Kriteria Pemilihan. "
! #
% !
,
! , "
- ! # %
! ! $
- !
! - !/ ,
% $ "
" " - !
$ # sex'
ratio! ! $
- !
#! !/-' ,
% $! 5 5 .
! 3
(36)
(
# %
#
!
- !
,
! D
$
$ !7//
5& ( D *(
D (!/ D ( D !
D # 5&
! . - '
!
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(! #
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$
- "
> et
al., '') !
Persiapan Pohon Induk!
# !
!
# #
( -* # - !/
!
(37)
*
! " ! 2
D ! 2
! 3 "
! 2
! #
(38)
/
8 *! Reciprocal Recurrent Selection et al! '') !
3 3 3 3" 5 5 5
GRUP TE ERA 2+-?4-6 - - 4-3 -& GRUP DURA
34-6 -3?-9 - 4-3 & -8&
SELEKSI DURA 3 Selfing3 A 3"
SELEKSI TE ERA
5 Selfing 5 A 5
4 5 A
;9&42?4 42 6:246 :
PE GUJIA PROGE Y
;9 +642842 3+ A 5 D3+ A 4 +42 8C4 342 C4
PRODUKSI KECAMBAH
M
30A50 Juta Kecambah
3 , 3 $
3 , 3 A 3"
$ , 5 $
$ , 5 A 5 D5 A
(39)
.
Pengadaan Bahan Tanaman secara Konvensional 1. Proses Produksi Tepung Sari (Pollen)
Inspeksi bunga jantan! +
! # . -7 !
" #
" ! - /
!
" "
!
" # ! 0 #
" %
% !
"
"
" " !
& #
!
Pembungkusan bunga jantan! "
anthesis! " "
# ! & "
bagging 8 / ! 4 bagging
" ! bagging "
" bagging stelkolar
pollen! & "
!
penduncle !
" " bagging
(40)
)
8 /! & , & 3
& 3
" penduncle
$ !
Panen bunga jantan.
. -) F # $ !
- / !
" ! 5
# !
7! - ! =+& =
+ & & !
-"
% ! 5 "
8 . 6 5
form # !
(41)
7
8 .! & 3
Persiapan tepung sari. 5
( " air conditioned room
" ! 5
" ( "
! 5 "
-8 ) ! 5
8 ) .
bagging " box of manipulation
! " >
/ /NC !
5 box of
manipulation ! 4
7-D ! 5 !
!
!
4 $ !
& "
(42)
'
#
8 )! 5 , 5
5 5 # & Pulper &
5 !
5 * "
dorslag
# - !
! box of manipulation!
5
$ / !
I ! / ! 4
box of manipulation ! 5
-*
# # I -( !
& # % ). # 0
!
5 % deep freezer
- 7NC! 6
# $ !
! 4 %
) F $ ! " %
(43)
(
A / ! " %
" %
(-* " (7NC! %
! B
# ! 5 #
!
" % #
! # box of manipulation
! 5 ! / pulper
# talk * ! " pulper
# ! 5
talk # # ! & pulper
8 )# !
2. Proses Produksi pada Pohon Ibu Inspeksi bunga betina.
# !
# !
# "
/ - !
# ! 4 #
, " "
" !
!
+ "
! 0 #
(44)
(
" !
Pembungkusan bunga betina. 6 ''( "
#
8 7 !
! 0 "
!
8 7! & & 3
& - - /
anthesis!
8 ' !
5
# !
5 bagging "
. - ) 8 '# !
" ! 5
! 5
#
(45)
(
#
8 '! & & , & &
& & 3 # & & 3
#
% ! # ,
!
anthesis!
$ ! 0
#
# ! &
# !
Penyerbukan bunga betina.
. F
! 6 '7'
$ ! &
"
" I /
(46)
((
8 ! & &
F !
! &
! )! - ! =+&! 4
pulper plastic
bottle # " talk
! & pulper
! "
8 ! &
! " "
! 4
!
/ ! 5
# !
4
" $ ! 5
8 !
! ! 6 ,
(47)
(*
!
8 ! 6 & & 3
6 ''(
! " ,
- 5
!
- 5 #
% !
- = # !
- 8 Tirathaba sp. Marasmius sp.
Panen tandan benih.
# - ! 5 #
! !
5 * - / !
# 8 ! 5
$ ! & "
(48)
(/
# ! C
! 0
" 8 !
8 ! 5 , 5 3 6 +
" - $
"
! 0
! " $
" ! $
,
!
3. Teknis Pengadaan Kecambah Persiapan Benih.
8 ( !
! 5
# # spikelet stalk
-# 8 ( ! 5 # #
! 5 $
fruit set R F! 5
" * - )
!
(49)
(.
! &
" !
#
8 (! & , 5 6 # # 5
# & 3 Turbo Vertical.
depericarper/ depulper! 3 %
turbo vertical 8 (# turbo horizontal! 1
" turbo vertical # / - (
turbo horizontal */
! turbo horizontal
" turbo vertical
" !
& " " "
3 -*/ ! - ! F ( * " !
& "
D ! & # D
$ ! & $
" !
& - /NC!
4
# 8 * "
(50)
()
8 *! C &
Pematahan dormansi dan pengecambahan benih.
+
" "
! )
*F " 7F! aerator
# anaerob! &
(
3 -*/ ! F # "
!
& * NC .
tray )/ # A */ # A 7 # ! &
# #
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7NC " - *NC / - 7 "
3 -*/ ! F ( !
& # ! &
tray # 7 - ( NC! &
# # D 3 -*/ ! - ! F!
& " #
! 4 #
(51)
(7
! # # "
!
! !
(! " # !
*! 5 " !
Pengadaan Bahan Tanaman secara Kultur Jaringan 1. Sumber Eksplan!
Metode Kloning. 5
# "
Center de Coopération Internationale en Recherche
Agronomique pour le Développement'Cultures Pérennes C+943-C #
6 '' ! ; "
! 3 #
$ true'to'type !
Skema Seleksi. D
% $ % -$ 8 et al
''. ! 4 #
" , '- D
" /* F * -.
# D " crown disease !
Pengambilan Sumber Eksplan.
" !
! :
! 8 1 (
!
- )!
: " " 8
(52)
('
8 /# ! :
$ " !
#
8 /! : , :
5 3 : # : 3 = 4
&
$ #
" Oryctes rhinocheros
8 / ! 5
! 3
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PEMBAHASA
Proses Pengadaan Bahan Tanaman Pengadaan Bahan Tanaman Secara Konvensional. 5
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(93)
METODE PERBA
SAWIT (Elaeis guin
DA KULTUR JA
PUSAT PE ELITIA
M.
DEPARTEME
I ST
ERBA YAKA BAHA TA AMA KELA
guineensis Jacq.) SECARA KO VE SIO
UR JARI GA DI U IT USAHA MARIH
LITIA KELAPA SAWIT, SUMATERA UT
. AZHRI A
AS JAMBAK
A24060583
ME AGRO OMI DA HORTIKULTUR
FAKULTAS PERTA IA
I STITUT PERTA IA BOGOR
2011
i
KELAPA
SIO AL
RIHAT,
RA UTARA
(94)
ii
RI GKASA
M. AZHRI A AS JAMBAK. Metode Perbanyakan Bahan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) secara Konvensional dan Kultur Jaringan di Unit Usaha Marihat, Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit, Sumatera Utara. (Dibimbing oleh AHMAD JU AEDI).
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PE DAHULUA
Latar Belakang
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