Ekstraksi dan analisis fitosterol lembaga gandum (Triticum sp.)
zsil Penelitian
-
JurnaLTeknol. d a n Industri Pangan, Vol. XVI No. 1 TCI 2005
EKSTRAKSI DAN ANALISIS FITOSTEROL LEMBAGA GANDUM (Triticum sp.)
[Extraction and analysis of Phytosterol from wheat germ (Trit.;cumsp.)]
Sri Anna Marliyati
I),
Hidayat
Syarief '1, Deddy Muchtadi 2), Latifah K.Darusman
j),
dan Rimbawai
1)
'1 Staf Pengajar Departemen Gizi Masyarakat dan Sumbeidaya Keluarga, Faperta IPB
2,
Staf Pengajar Departemen Teknologi Pangan dan Gizi, Fateta IPB
I)Slaf Pengaja; Departemen Kimia, F-MIPA IPB
Diterima 27 April 2005 IDisetujui 20 Juni 2005
ABSTRACT
Phyfosterol may reduce the absorption of cholesterol, and used for preventing atherosclerosis. N is limited in soy.rean, but
poientially abundant in wheat germ. Research on the utilizalion of wheat germ sterol had not been reporled so far. Many aspect: of germ
sterol extraction from wheat germ and its characteristics were still unknown. In this research, the best extraction method, kinds and t:ontent of
phytosterol from wheat germ were investigated.
This research consisted of two Steps: ( I ) extraction of phytosterol directly form whole germ and ground germ using he..ane, and
indirect extraction through germ oil using hexane and mixed solvent of hexane and ethanol, and direct extraction from ground g::rm using
h:y;:^h
h
:; f ~ l ! ~ v i i i steps:
ig
preparation of cruc;? extract,
ethano!; (2) ana!ysis of the t y ~ eand content of ph;?ss!s:s! h !k2 r~:~'iu^ ^r:^r:"
fractionat!on, and analysis.
Results showed that indirect extraction through germ oil was consiciered as ine best method which yielded 1.37% of pi ytosterol.
The highest yield was obtained when extracted using a mixed solvent of hexane - ethanol 82:18. However, the odor of ethanol ar.3 hexane
(gasoline like odor) was still detected. The solvent's ratio of hexane to ethanol at 1:2 resulted better odor of the extract. Extractioi of sterol
usirlg ethanol yielded 18.39% of sterol when the ratio of germ to ethanol at 1:10 (w/v) was agplied.
Results of quantitative analysis on the main component of crude extract of wheat germ s!srol showed that the total conte~!of sterol
extracted with mixed solvent was higher than those extracted with ethanol. The ratio of hexane to ethanol at 1:l (v/v) gave higher -ontent of
ratio of hexane to etl~,.no!at 1:2
total sterol, stigrnasferol and campesterol, whereas higher content of psitosterol was produced at the solve~~t's
(v/v).
Keywords: Wheat germ sterol, extraction, psitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol
PENDAHULUAN
Sterol rnerupakan alkohol berbobot rnolekul
tinggi yang terdapat pada fraksi tidak tersabunkan dari
rninyak dan lernak pada jaringan hewan dan tanarnan.
Sterol pada hewan adalah kolesterol, sedangkan pada
tanarnan adalah fitosterol. Beberapa fitosterol antara lain
adalah sitosterol, stigmasterol, carnpesterol, 6-7stigmasterol dan 6-5-avenasterol (Hui 1996).
Sterol tanarnan atau fitosterol rnernpunyai sifat
antiaterogenik. Konsumsi fitosterol dalarn jurnlah banyak
dapat mengganggu penyerapan kolesterol sehingga akan
meningkatkan ekskresinya (Hui 1996). Penurunan kadar
kolesterol plasma rnerupakan strategi di bidang kssehatan
masyarakat yang arnat penting, sebab peningkatan kadar
kolesterol rnerupakan faktor risiko utama penyakit jantung
koroner. lntervensi secara klinis rnenunjukkan bahwa
penurunan kadar kolesterol total dan LDL dapat
nienurunkan kematian akibat penyakit jantung koroner
secara nyata (Cleghorn ei al., 2003).
Gandurn (Triticum sp.) merupakan sererilia yang
terrnasuk tanarnan genus Triticum dari famili Gtarninae.
Menurut Eliasson dan Larsson (1993) dari sisi tek~:ologibiji
gandum terdiri dari tiga bagian, yaitu lernbaga (germ),
endosperm dan dedak. Mewrut Matz (1992) iernbaga
gandurn rnengandung protein bermutu tinggi daii lemak
yang tinggi. Lernak lembaga gandum rnenlandung
fitosterol sebesar 1,3-1,7% terhadap rninyak ffon lo et al.,
1979).
Beberapa tahun terakhir ini telah banyak
dilakukan penelitian terhadap peranan fitosterc i dalarn
berbagai aspek kesehatan. Pernanfaatan fitoster~~l
dalarn
pencegahan aterosklerosis rnasih terbatas pada fitosterol
kedelai, rninyak dedak padi, minyak biji karet da:. rninyak
biji kapas.
Penelitian pernanfaatan fitoster )I yang
diperoleh dari lernbaga gandurn belurn pernah dilat.ukan.
-
JurnaLTeknol. d a n Industri Pangan, Vol. XVI No. 1 TCI 2005
EKSTRAKSI DAN ANALISIS FITOSTEROL LEMBAGA GANDUM (Triticum sp.)
[Extraction and analysis of Phytosterol from wheat germ (Trit.;cumsp.)]
Sri Anna Marliyati
I),
Hidayat
Syarief '1, Deddy Muchtadi 2), Latifah K.Darusman
j),
dan Rimbawai
1)
'1 Staf Pengajar Departemen Gizi Masyarakat dan Sumbeidaya Keluarga, Faperta IPB
2,
Staf Pengajar Departemen Teknologi Pangan dan Gizi, Fateta IPB
I)Slaf Pengaja; Departemen Kimia, F-MIPA IPB
Diterima 27 April 2005 IDisetujui 20 Juni 2005
ABSTRACT
Phyfosterol may reduce the absorption of cholesterol, and used for preventing atherosclerosis. N is limited in soy.rean, but
poientially abundant in wheat germ. Research on the utilizalion of wheat germ sterol had not been reporled so far. Many aspect: of germ
sterol extraction from wheat germ and its characteristics were still unknown. In this research, the best extraction method, kinds and t:ontent of
phytosterol from wheat germ were investigated.
This research consisted of two Steps: ( I ) extraction of phytosterol directly form whole germ and ground germ using he..ane, and
indirect extraction through germ oil using hexane and mixed solvent of hexane and ethanol, and direct extraction from ground g::rm using
h:y;:^h
h
:; f ~ l ! ~ v i i i steps:
ig
preparation of cruc;? extract,
ethano!; (2) ana!ysis of the t y ~ eand content of ph;?ss!s:s! h !k2 r~:~'iu^ ^r:^r:"
fractionat!on, and analysis.
Results showed that indirect extraction through germ oil was consiciered as ine best method which yielded 1.37% of pi ytosterol.
The highest yield was obtained when extracted using a mixed solvent of hexane - ethanol 82:18. However, the odor of ethanol ar.3 hexane
(gasoline like odor) was still detected. The solvent's ratio of hexane to ethanol at 1:2 resulted better odor of the extract. Extractioi of sterol
usirlg ethanol yielded 18.39% of sterol when the ratio of germ to ethanol at 1:10 (w/v) was agplied.
Results of quantitative analysis on the main component of crude extract of wheat germ s!srol showed that the total conte~!of sterol
extracted with mixed solvent was higher than those extracted with ethanol. The ratio of hexane to ethanol at 1:l (v/v) gave higher -ontent of
ratio of hexane to etl~,.no!at 1:2
total sterol, stigrnasferol and campesterol, whereas higher content of psitosterol was produced at the solve~~t's
(v/v).
Keywords: Wheat germ sterol, extraction, psitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol
PENDAHULUAN
Sterol rnerupakan alkohol berbobot rnolekul
tinggi yang terdapat pada fraksi tidak tersabunkan dari
rninyak dan lernak pada jaringan hewan dan tanarnan.
Sterol pada hewan adalah kolesterol, sedangkan pada
tanarnan adalah fitosterol. Beberapa fitosterol antara lain
adalah sitosterol, stigmasterol, carnpesterol, 6-7stigmasterol dan 6-5-avenasterol (Hui 1996).
Sterol tanarnan atau fitosterol rnernpunyai sifat
antiaterogenik. Konsumsi fitosterol dalarn jurnlah banyak
dapat mengganggu penyerapan kolesterol sehingga akan
meningkatkan ekskresinya (Hui 1996). Penurunan kadar
kolesterol plasma rnerupakan strategi di bidang kssehatan
masyarakat yang arnat penting, sebab peningkatan kadar
kolesterol rnerupakan faktor risiko utama penyakit jantung
koroner. lntervensi secara klinis rnenunjukkan bahwa
penurunan kadar kolesterol total dan LDL dapat
nienurunkan kematian akibat penyakit jantung koroner
secara nyata (Cleghorn ei al., 2003).
Gandurn (Triticum sp.) merupakan sererilia yang
terrnasuk tanarnan genus Triticum dari famili Gtarninae.
Menurut Eliasson dan Larsson (1993) dari sisi tek~:ologibiji
gandum terdiri dari tiga bagian, yaitu lernbaga (germ),
endosperm dan dedak. Mewrut Matz (1992) iernbaga
gandurn rnengandung protein bermutu tinggi daii lemak
yang tinggi. Lernak lembaga gandum rnenlandung
fitosterol sebesar 1,3-1,7% terhadap rninyak ffon lo et al.,
1979).
Beberapa tahun terakhir ini telah banyak
dilakukan penelitian terhadap peranan fitosterc i dalarn
berbagai aspek kesehatan. Pernanfaatan fitoster~~l
dalarn
pencegahan aterosklerosis rnasih terbatas pada fitosterol
kedelai, rninyak dedak padi, minyak biji karet da:. rninyak
biji kapas.
Penelitian pernanfaatan fitoster )I yang
diperoleh dari lernbaga gandurn belurn pernah dilat.ukan.