Results 129
Perceptions of Speakers 129
Perceived Accuracy 130
Choice of Team-Mate and Perceptions of Speakers 130
Overconfidence 133
Summary of Results 135
Discussion 136
Limitations 139
Conclusions 139
CHAPTER 7 – Prior Interaction, Feedback and the Influence of Confidence Abstract
141
Introduction 142
Rationale for Experiment 144
Method 145
Participants 145
Materials 145
Design and Procedure 145
Results 147
Influence of Feedback and Confidence on Choice 147
Influence of Feedback and Confidence on Confidence in Answers 148
Influence of Feedback on Accuracy 149
Influence of Feedback and Confidence on Choice of Team-Mate
149
Choice of Team-Mate and Speaker Agreement 150
Summary of Results 152
Discussion 153
Limitations 155
Conclusions 156
CHAPTER 8 – How does One’s Own Uncertainty affect the Influence of Confidence? Abstract
157
Introduction 158
Rationale for Experiment 159
Method 161
Participants 161
Materials 161
Design 162
Procedure 162
Results 164
Influence of Confidence on Choice 164
Influence of Confidence on Confidence in Answers 165
Accuracy 167
Influence of Confidence on Choice according to Levels of
Overconfidence 167
Influence of Confidence on Choice according to Initial Confidence 168
Changes in Confidence according to Initial Confidence 171
Summary of Results 172
Discussion 173
Limitations
175 Conclusions
175
CHAPTER 9 – The Confidence Heuristic: Positive or Negative Influence of Confidence? Abstract
177
Introduction 178
Rationale for Experiment 179
Method 180
Participants
180
Materials 180
Design and Procedure 181
Results 183
Confidence Heuristic Use on Choice of Answer
183
Accuracy 184
Confidence in Choice of Answer 184
Ratings of Speakers’ Answers 185
Perceptions of Speakers’ Overall Accuracy 187
Perceptions of Speakers’ Characteristics 188
Summary of Results 192
Discussion 193
Limitations 195
Conclusions 196
CHAPTER 10 - Influence of Confidence in Different Decision-Making Situations Abstract
198
Introduction 199
Rationale for Experiment 201
Method 203
Participants 203
Task Materials 203
Design and Procedure 204
Results 206
Influence of Speaker Confidence and Decision-Making Condition on
Choice 206
Choice according to Speaker Accuracy 208
Accuracy 209
Influence of Speaker Confidence and Condition on Confidence in
Choice 210
Influence of Confidence and Condition on Perceptions of Speakers
212
Speaker Accuracy 212
Speaker Confidence, Knowledge, Friendliness, Competence and Trustworthiness
212
Team-Mate 214
Summary of Results 214
Discussion 215
Limitations 218
Conclusions 219
CHAPTER 11 – General Discussion Discussion of findings
