understanding of the characterization of Pelagea Nilovna and the emerging social consciousness of working people as revealed from Pelagea Nilovna.
Secondly, the study would help future researchers who want to conduct a literary study on the novel. From this study, the future researchers can gain
understanding about the influence of Marxism in the novel. Finally the study is expected to provide us understandings about the social consciousness of the working
people and the injustices that they meet in their life. By comprehending the significance of the working people in shaping the structure of society, we realize that
the working people have a huge hidden power.
1.5. Definition of Terms
There are several important terminologies to help readers follow the study. The definitions are taken from both printed and online materials
1.5.1. Character and characterization
Character, according to Abrams in A Glossary of Literary Terms, means: …the person presented in dynamic or narrative work, who are
interpreted by the reader as being endowed with moral and disposition qualities that are expressed in what they say…[in] the dialogue…[and]
by what they do…. 20
In this study the character that is being analyzed is the mother, Pelagea Nilovna, who undergoes a change in her life from a simple and ordinary woman to a fully-involved
socialist militant. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Characterization according to Baldick in his Criticism and Literary Theory 34, characterization is the representation of a person in a dramatic or narrative work
with the use of direct method of attribution to the character so that the reader can infer or deduce the qualities from the character’s appearance, action or speech.
1.5.2. Personality
According to Cambridge Dictionary of Sociology, the question of personality concerns with one’s differences in his or her social behavior and his or her disposal to
react in certain ways. It also “seeks to characterize in a rigorous way the basis of that difference by identifying characteristic patterns of behavior that are distinctive and
consistent across time” Turner ed. 437. In questioning the personality, many theorists recognize the importance of other social characteristics such as “age, gender,
and race and ethnicity, or other personal determinants of behavior, such as attitude” Turner ed. 438. Therefore in this study, in revealing the characterization of Pelagea
Nilovna, it deals with her personality as an individual in reacting to the socio cultural and political condition in the settlement she is living.
1.5.3. Class consciousness
According to Online Dictionary of Social Sciences, class consciousness means:
The awareness of individuals in a particular social class that they share common interests and a common social situation. Class consciousness
is associated with the development of a ‘class-for-itself’ where individuals within the class unite to pursue their shared interests.
In addition, according to Lukacs, every social class has a determined class
consciousness, but in Marxist perspective, class consciousness is not “an origin” but it is “an achievement” that “must be won” by the working people Lukacs, “Class
Consciousness”. The term class consciousness used in this study is the same as the term social consciousness that refers to the awareness of the working people of their
condition economic and social conditions caused by the feudalism structure of society. This awareness sparks the desire to change their life.
1.5.4. Reactions
