5
grouping the category of the morpheme. Bracketing and grouping the morpheme is something like allowing the derivation. “Allowing the derivation tofollow the
compounding in order to produce word like daredevilness” Napoli, 1996: 232.
B. Problem Formulation
1. What are the parts of speech of the exocentric compounding from Oxford
dictionary in May 2014 to May 2015? 2.
How do the morphological processes contribute in each new entry word? 3.
What is the meaning of each exocentric compounding?
C. Objectives of the Study
These objectives of this research are finding the new entry words that can be seen in Oxford dictionary from May 2014 to May 2015. Here, the writer finds the
new entry words by searching it from the Oxford electronic dictionary from the Internet. New entry words here mean that the words that the writer found are in the
last two years, 2014 to 2015 from Oxford electronic dictionary. Those words have not listed yet in the Oxford printed dictionary. Therefore, those words can be found from
the Internet. The writer analyzes those new entry words from Oxford dictionary as the exocentric compounding words.
Besides finding the new entry words from the Oxford electronic dictionary, this research also figures out the general meaning and the use of the morphological
process and the tree diagram. Before the writer goes to the specific one like analyzing those new entry words by using the morphological process and the tree diagram, the
writers would like to make sure that people know first about what the morphological
6
and the tree diagram are and also the using of the morphological process and the tree diagram itself.
The next objective of the study is to explain and analyze deeply about the contribution of the morphological process and the tree diagram of each new entry
word. Every new entry word that can be found in Oxford electronic dictionary from May 2014 to May 2015 will be analyzed by using the morphological process and the
tree diagram. Therefore, people will understand the meaning of those new entry words as the exocentric compounding words by using the morphological process and
the tree diagram.
D. Definition of Terms
There are some terms that are used in this research: compounding, exocentric compounding, and endocentric compounding.
The first is compounding. Compounding is the process of forming new words from the already existing words Akmajian, 2001: 32.It means that the individual
word can join together and it makes the new word and it can be the exocentric compounding. For example, the word over as the preposition and the word dose as
the noun can join together becomes overdose. The second one is exocentric compounding. Exocentric compounding is “a
compound where the referent does not denote a subset of the set of objects denoted by the head noun” Benczes, 2005: 4.It is almost similar to the meaning of
compounding itself, but from the word exocentric, it means that the merger of two
7
words has connotation meaning. For example, duck face, the meaning is not the face of the duck, but it is the human’s face that likes a duck by thrusting the lips.
The last one is endocentric compounding. Endocentric compounding is “one of the elements typically the right-hand element is the head of the construction.
Headedness is shown most clearly by hyponymy: the compound as a whole is a hyponym of its head” Bauer, 2009: 1. For example, greèn house, it means the house
that has green color. It uses the denotation meaning because of the non- compounds, the second component is generally stressed.
8
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A. Review of Related Studies
The writer would like to review the related studies from other writers by comparing and mentioning the differences between this undergraduate thesis and
another thesis which has similar topic. There are five related studies that the writer would like to compare.
The first comes from Benczes’ journal, entitled On the Analysabilityof English Exocentric Compounds, 2004. In his journal, there are some differences and
similarities. The similarity is Benczes here also talks about the issue of endocentricand
exocentric compounding. “In endocentric constructions, the compound is the hyponym of the head element: armchair is a kind of chair”. In the
case of exocentric compounds, the compound is not a hyponym of the head element: blue-stocking does not denote a kind of stocking but refers to a well-educated
woman” Benczes, 2004: 5. The difference is Benczes talks more about the metaphor and the kinds of compounding, which are transparent and non- transparent
compounding. The second comes from Bauer’s, entitled English Exocentric Compounds,
2009.The similarity is Bauer talks about the exocentric and endocentric compounds also. The difference is Bauer does not take a special data; he just takes the examples
from another writer’s journal and analyzing those words deeper.
9
The third comes from Korzen’s journal, entitled Endocentric and exocentric verb typology: Talmy revisited – on good grounds.From his journal, it can be seen the
similarity of his and this undergraduate thesis. Korzen talks also about the endocentric and exocentric. The difference is the data of Korzen’s journal focuses on
the endocentric and exocentric verb typology based on Talmy’s lexicalization patterns.
The fourth comes from Tuggy’s journal, entitled Abrelatas and Scarecrow Nouns: Exocentric Verb-Noun Compounds. As Illustrations of Basic Principles of
Cognitive Grammar.The similarity between Tuggy’s and this thesis undergraduate is discussing the endocentric and exocentric, while the difference is the data of Tuggy’s
is about the Spanish endocentric and exocentric verbs. The last comes from Pearson’s journal. In Pearson’s journal, the similarity that
the writer got is about the exocentric. However, Pearson does not talk about the endocentric. The difference is Pearson uses semantics scope in his journal whereas
this undergraduate thesis only uses the morphology scope.
B. Review of Related Theories 1. Morphology
The first theory is morphology. Morphology is the analysis of word structure. It is the system of categories and rules involved in word formation and interpretation
O’Grady, 1997: 132. This undergraduate thesis discusses about the word structure especially the words that come from the electronic dictionary of Oxford. Therefore,
morphology theory is needed in this undergraduate thesis.
