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a. Rightmost Morpheme
The rightmost theory is one of the parts in morphology scope. It is termed the head of the compound. The function of the rightmost morpheme is to determine the
entire word O’ Grady, 1997: 146. The rightmost morpheme can also mention as the right- headed. “Most compounds in English are right- headed” Napoli, 1996:
230.For example from the data is the word duck face, the meaning is not literary the duck’s face, from the right morpheme which is face, so it means the face which is
almost similar with duck by thrusting the lips.
b. Compounds and Compounding
The writer also uses the compounds and compounding theory. Compounding theory is also one of some parts that is learned in morphology. The meaning of
compounding itself is a process that produces new words by forming the already existing words which is individual word Akmajian, 2001: 32. For example, the
noun ape can be joined with the noun man, so that, it forms the ape- man. Another example is the adjective sick can be joined with the noun room and formed the
sickroom.
c. Morphological Operation
“Traditional grammarians usually distinguished two main types of morphological operation, inflection or inflexion and derivation” Spencer, 1991: 9.
There are some new entry words that having double morpheme, so that, this theory is needed to classify whether those words are inflection or derivation. Inflection does
not change the syntactic category of the words, while derivation causes a change in
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syntactic category of the words Spencer, 1991: 9, for example, the word “cutter N”. The base of this word is cut V. Cut V + er cutter N. This is the example
of derivational word; it changes from cut V into cutter N. The inflectional word is “scientist N”. The base of this word is science N. Science N + ist scientist N.
It does not change the part of speech, so this is an inflectional word.
d. Tree Diagrams Theory
Based on Spencer’s theory, tree diagrams or syntactic structures analyzes the words that are added affixes defines the category of the resulting word, and for this
reason is regarded as the head of the word. This approach is also supposed to apply to inflected forms Spencer, 1994: 75.
e. Derivational and Inflectional Theory
Based on the book of Mark Aronoff and Kirsten Fudeman, the inflectional morphology does not change the lexical category of the word. For example, the word
slurpV which means eat or drink noisily. If it is written in simple present tense becomes slurps or simple past tense becomes slurped, it does not change the part of
speech, it is still a verb. While the derivational morphology changes the part of speech. For example, the word glory N added by –ious becomes glorious Adj, the
part of speech changes.
2. Theory of Meaning
Based on the Blackwell dictionary of western philosophy that is edited by Nicholas Bunnin and Jiyuan Yu, that
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“meaning of a word is the object it denotes, and the meaning of a sentence is the proposition it expresses. Every meaningful expression has meaning because
there is something that it refers to, designates, signifies, or denotes. It is a symbol that stands for something other than itself. The theory is also called the
denotative theory of meaning. A simple version of this theory claims simply that the meaning of an expression is that to which the expression refers. But a
sense-reference distinction shows that two expressions can have different meaning but the same referent. A more sophisticated version of this theory,
such as that developed by Russell, claims that meaning is a referring or denoting relation between a term and the object it picks out. This theory is the
most influential one in the modern discussion of meaning and reference, but it has been challenged because of its theoretical requirement that there is
something or other to which a word refers” Bunnin, 2004: 1.
It means that every meaning is referring something. It most refers to the expression. The same word can have the different meaning, like mentioned that “two
expressions can have different meaning but the same referent”.For example, the word “book”, it can be a noun that the meaning is a written or printed work and it also can
be a verb and the meaning is reserve accommodation, a place, etc.; buy a ticket in advance.Therefore, it relates between the term and the object.
a. Endocentric and Exocentric Meaning
Compounds which have a head are called ‘endocentric compounds’. A head of a compound has similar characteristics to the head of a phrase: it usually has the same
word class. For example, in sneak-thief, thief is the head a sneak-thief is a kind of thief. Both sneak and thief are noun. Compounds without a head are called
‘exocentric compounds’ or The difference between endocentric and exocentric compounds is sometimes a matter of interpretation, and is often of little relevance; for
example, whether you think greenhouse is an endocentric or exocentric compound
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