Scope of the Study Purpose of the Study History of British English

English so that the job applicants can write an application letter and speak English grammatically based on the demanded English. It will also ease the English learners to study and apply English to avoid wrong interpretation. Furthermore, the adding of suffix in part of speech component can be implemented on the basis of certain English. In conclusion, Grammatical Difference between British and American English must be learned well in order to use English appropriately. The writer herself knows little about the differences between British and American English and it is still difficult to differ them in context. Moreover, there are many problems happening on account of the lack of Differences understanding being like the above examples. Therefore, those above deviations principally encourage me describe the differences between British and American in vocabulary, grammar, and spelling differences.

1.2 Scope of the Study

The differences between British and American English are quite wide. Every expert has different opinion and approach on the differences between British and American English. In this Paper, I focus on three differences between British and American English namely vocabulary, grammar, and spelling differences.

1.3 Purpose of the Study

The purpose of writing this paper is to describe the vocabulary, grammar, and spelling differences between British and American English. Universitas Sumatera Utara

1.4 Significance of the Study

Significance is the point of every work. I believe that by reading this paper, the learners will understand the three differences between British and American English namely vocabulary, spelling, and grammar differences. Therefore, the learners will be able to differ the British and American English in context while interpreting or reading, to adjust English with the suitable sort of English while writing, to add appropriate suffix in part of speech component so that wrong interpretation can be avoided and English speaker speaks and writes English in both grammar and meaning correct. Universitas Sumatera Utara

2. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF BRITISH AND AMERICAN ENGLISH

2.1 History of British English

English, Indo-European, was West Germanic language of Anglo Fused dialect. At the end of the fifth century, English was introduced to native Britisher, Celts through British Isles invasion by West Germanic invader including Anglia, Saxon, Frisian, Jute, and Frank tribes. Those tribes subjugated Celts as pushing back them to Western and Northern part of British Isles after two hundred years of invasion. During two hundred years of invasion, West Germanic invaders learned Celtic and Celts learned English. This mutual learning produced an English combination with Celtic. Then that language combination was also influenced by other native British languages such as Walsh and Gaelic language. Therefore, English also absorbed many Welsh and Gaelic words. This previous combination of some languages produced a language named old English. In conclusion, basically English was West Germanic language of Anglo Fussed dialect in which it was introduced to native Britisher, Celts through invasion by West Germanic invaders and as a result it got many influences previously from some native British languages namely Celtic, Welsh, and Gaelic. Before West Germanic invaders arrived in British Isles, on the way to British Isles, they traded and held a war with society of Roman Empire. Therefore, many Roman words were absorbed into West Germanic invaders’ English. The absorbed Roman words were native Roman words and also Loan Roman words. Therefore, Universitas Sumatera Utara English brought by West Germanic invaders by British Isles, had absorbed many Roman words previously whether native or loan Roman words before it was introduced to Britisher. The king of British Isles, Vortigern, invited Angle Kin tribe led by Hengest and Horsa in 449 in order to solve the conflict between the royalty and Pict tribe. And for the reply, the king gave Angle Kin tribe the southeastern part of England to be settled. Next, the king invited Ald Seaxum tribe to come to British Isles to be the witnesses. Therefore, both Angle Kin tribe and Ald Seaxum tribe were the English developer in Southeastern part of England as they established seven royalties called Heptarchy. Roman Christian missionaries arrived in British Isles in 597. Their mission was to spread Christianity to Britisher. They spoke old English as mixing with Roman and Greek words for the sermon activity. In addition, Roman Christian missionaries also translated Bible, religious tracts, early historical books, and records of Germanic poetry Beowulf epic into English. And as a result, many Roman words were contributed into the English translation. Therefore, by Christianity spreading in British Isles, many Roman and Greek words became English word. Second waves of Germanic invaders were Vikings, Norsemen, and Norway tribes from Denmark. They explored the West of England in the eight century and they settled in the Northeastern part of England. Then, they gradually blended with the Anglo-Saxon population. By their coming to Northeastern part of England, English got influence from Vikings and Norsemen words. English was also added by thousands of French word as the result of the Norman Conquest. The Norman was descendant of Viking invaders who had settled in Universitas Sumatera Utara Northern France and had acquired a Northern French dialect. Norman noblemen took over the land of British Isles and Norman Clergymen took over the highest position in the church. Therefore, the language of the King’s court, government, law, and literature was French for several countries in British Isles. However, that English was still spoken by British citizen whether native British dweller or immigrants. But they accidentally learned French while interacting with French-speaking Norman or French –speaking residents. French words absorption and assimilation into English happened from 1100 to 1500 A.D. Most of absorbed words were words related to political role of overlord, aristocratic, and other words of other different aspects. In conclusion, English absorbed many French words as the English developed in British Isles.

2.2 History of American English