Structure of Discourse Poem

a. Prose

Prose is free composition. It is not ruled by stanza and rhythm. Prose can be spoken or written, direct or indirect, and expository or narrative. This type of discourse includes novel, short story, articles, and so on.

b. Play

Play is the type of discourse conveyed in the form of dialog, either spoken or written.

c. Poem

Poem is a type of discourse which ruled in stanza, line, rhythm, and rhyme. It can be spoken or written

2.1.4 Structure of Discourse

Every genre has its own discourse structure. It might seem as if informal, spontaneous conversation had no structure of its own over and above the internal organization of each sentence and the cohesion between the sentences. Conversation is very highly structured. There are definite principles regulating the taking of turns in conversation, and one of the functions of some of the items operating cohesively as conjunctives is that of marking and holding turns. There are several types of “adjacency pairs’ ordered sequences of two elements in a conversation that are related to each other and mutually presupposing, like greetings, invitations, or question-answer sequences. The discourse structure of a conversation is in turn reinforced by the cohesion, which explicitly ties together the related parts, bonding them more closely to each other than to the others that are not so related; hence Halliday’s and Hasan’s observation that ‘there Universitas Sumatera Utara tends to be a less meaningful relationship between two sequential interchanges than between two sequential speeches i.e. turns in a interchange’. Other forms of discourse are more obviously structured than conversation; and some, notably narrative, have been studied in considerable detail in a variety of different languages. There is no need here to labor the point that the presence of certain elements, in a certain order, is essential to our concept of narrative; a narrative has, as a text, a typical organization, or one of a number of typical organizations, and it acquires texture by virtue of adhering to these forms. Literary forms, including the ‘strict’ verse forms- culturally established and highly-valued norms such as those of metre and rhyme scheme, defining complex notions such as the sonnet, iambic pentameter blank verse, and the like-all fall within the general category of discourse structures. They are aspects of texture, and combine with intrasentence structure and intersentence cohesion to provide the total text-forming resources of the culture.

2.2 Concept of Cohesion